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【摘要】目前,毫无规范的英译说明书已经成为制约出口的瓶颈,极大地影响了中医药及蒙药的对外影响。由于缺乏中医方面的工具书,而导致翻译不够标准和严谨。此外,蒙医药相关的英语翻译更少。因此,翻译人员除了精通蒙语言,也得精通蒙医药,还要给出恰当的英语翻译。针对这一问题,笔者通过几个翻译例子进行综合比较分析,从说明书翻译中所存在的问题及其原因,找出更合理、规范的翻译方法。笔者初步总结出了三种翻译方法,即结合意译、直译和通释的方法进行文本翻译。
【关键词】中成药;蒙药;英语说明书;意译;直译;通释
【作者简介】李子娟(1984.10-),女,汉族,内蒙古人,内蒙古医科大学外国语学院,讲师,本科,研究方向:学科教学。
【基金项目】项目名称:中蒙医成药英语说明书的研究与翻译(项目编号:NYJXGG2019053)。
一份药品说明书不仅能传达它本身的配料、成分、功能和使用情况,还能够起到宣传的作用。目前,中药说明书的翻译基本上以直译为主,这样翻译的译文存在着可读性差、译文不易理解等诸多不足,也导致了中药的出口困难等情况,蒙药的英語说明书更是寥寥无几,这就需要我们这些人来进行研究与实践创新。笔者收集了一些中蒙药说明书,有些有英文翻译,但是不太具有可读性或者国际药品规范化等,笔者尝试着作了研究、作实践和比较,对于规范化翻译有了进一步理解。下面举几个例子进行探讨。先看一个比较畅销的感冒药的例子。笔者给出同一药品说明书的两种翻译风格,来进行比较分析。风热感冒颗粒说明书,国药准字Z22025353。第一种翻译如下:
风热感冒颗粒说明书,请仔细阅读说明书并按说明使用或在药师指导下购买和使用。
Specification of Fengre Ganmao Keli,Please read the specification carefully and use or buy and use under the guidance of pharmacist.
[药品名称]Medicine name;
通用名称:风热感冒颗粒
Common name: anemopyretic cold particles;
[性状]本品为棕褐色颗粒:气芳香,味甘、微苦。
[Descriptions] Brownish granules with sweet flavor and slightly bitter taste;
[功能主治]疏风清热,利咽解毒。用于风热感冒,发热,有汗,鼻塞,头痛,咽痛,咳嗽,多痰;
[Function] This product can help induce mild diaphoresis, clear heat and relieve sore throat. It’s good for anemopyretic cold, fever, sweating, stuffy nose, headache, pharyngalgia, cough and phlegm。
[Directions] Oral administration, 1 bag each time, 3 times per day。
[不良反应]尚不明确。
[Untoward effect] Unclear。
[禁忌]尚不明确。
[Contraindications] Unclear.
[注意事项]
1.忌烟、酒及辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。
2.不宜在服药期间同时服用滋补性中成药。
3.风寒感冒者不适用,其表现为恶寒重,发热轻,无汗,鼻塞流清涕,口不渴,咳吐稀白痰。
4.糖尿病患者及有高血压、心脏病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者、孕妇或正在接受其他治疗的患者,均应在医师指导下服用。
5.服药三天后症状无改善,或出现发热咳嗽加重,并有其他症状如胸闷、心悸等时应去医院就诊。
6.按照用法用量服用,小儿、年老体虚者应在医师指导下服用。
7.连续服用应向医师咨询。
8.对本品过敏者禁用,过敏体质者慎用。
9.本品性状发生改变时禁止使用。
10.儿童必须在成人监护下使用。
11.请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。
12.如正在使用其他药品,使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。
[Precautions]
1. Do not smoke, drink, have spicy, raw or cold and oily food.
2. It’s inadvisable to have nourishing Chinese patent medicine during the medication period.
3. It’s not applicable for common cold due to wind-cold, which shows deep aversion to cold, slight fever, adiapneustia, nasal obstruction and clear nasal discharge, hydroadipsia, cough with white sputum.
4. Diabetic patient, chronic disease patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, liver complaint and kidney disease, pregnant women or other patients who are receiving other treatments. It should be taken under the guidance of doctor. 5. If there is no improvement 3 days after administration, or fever and cough are getting more serious with other symptoms such as chest distress and palpitation, it’s suggested to see the doctor.
6. Take the medicine according to the usage and dosage. The children or weak patients should take the medicine under the guidance of doctor.
7. Go to see the doctor if taking the medicine continuously.
8. It’s not allowed for the patients who are allergic to this product, and the patients who have allergic constitution should use with caution.
9. Please do not use when the character of this product changes.
10. Children can only take the medicine under the custody of adults.
11. Keep out of reach of children.
12. If you are taking other medicines, please consult your physician or pharmacist before using this product.
同样的内容在第二篇说明书中的重点部分翻译如下:Wind-heat syndrome Cold Granules
[character] Brownish granules ,sweet ,a little bitter.
[Functions and Indications]
Functions: to dispell wind for clearing heat, relieving sore throat and clearing heat-toxin.
Indications: for wind-heat type cold patients with fever, sweat, nasal obstruction, headache, sore throat, cough, and profuse sputum.
[Adverse reactions] remain unclear。
[Taboo] remain unclear
[Precautions]
3. It is not suitable for cold-wind type patients with aversion to cold, light fever, no sweat, nasal congestion and thin nasal discharge, not thirsty, cough and phlegm.
7. Consult with your physician for continuous use.
8. Forbidden for those allergic to this product; and use with caution for those with allergic diathesis.
9. Forbidden to use when the characteristics of this product are changes.
11. Keep this product out of reach of children.
12. If you are taking other products, please consult to the doctor or pharmacist before this product.
比較分析两篇译文,在词汇的选择方面,关于题头药名称的翻译第一篇把“风热感冒颗粒”翻译成“anemopyretic cold particles”,本身“anemopyretic cold ”是地道的“风热感冒”的医学词汇;而第二篇中“Wind-heat Syndrome Cold”虽然也有“风热症”的意思,但是表达上还是略低一筹。“咳吐稀白痰”第一篇中翻译为“cough with white sputum”。介词“with”恰当地译为“伴随”,第二篇中直接翻译成“cough and phlegm”,显然不如加上介词“with”。对于“口服”一词的翻译,第一篇中的“Oral administration”严谨恰当;相比之下第二篇中的“orally”作为医药说明书中的表达有点偏口语化和随意。“糖尿病患者及有高血压、 心脏病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者”第一篇翻译得非常严谨:“Diabetic patient, chronic disease patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, liver complaint and kidney disease”;而第二篇“Take under guidance of physician for diabetic patients and patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease and other chronic diseases”意思有偏差。“有高血压、 心脏病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者”这句的意思是患有这些病的慢性病者,是从属关系,然而第二篇把这句翻译成了并列关系,这显然是错误的。“本品性状发生改变时禁止使用”第一篇中翻译为“Please do not use when the character of this product changes”,翻译简洁明了;第二篇译为“Forbidden to use when the characteristics of this product are changes”,语法运用有误。“forbidden”本身为形容词,这里不适合使用,其次“性状改变”不用系动词“are”,直接用动词“change”就可以。“请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方”正如第一篇中直接翻译为“Keep out of reach of children”即可,意思简洁明了。 笔者进行综合对比分析后,得出第一篇翻译为此药品说明书的规范译文。近些年,对于中药的英文翻译还是呈上升趋势的,然而蒙药却基本没有什么英文翻译,所以只能作为开始者和实践者去进行一些初步探索,希望以后会有更多的人认识和使用蒙药。下面我们看一种蒙药的翻译。
蒙药名称“嘎日西”。
处方:黑冰片、石榴、肉桂、山奈、大黄等15味。
功能:祛酸、暖胃、消食、解痉。
主治:消化不良、嗳气吞酸、胃腹胀满、便秘寒痛和胃肠道各种疾病。用法用量:一次5-7粒,一日1-2次,温开水送服。室温贮藏。
笔者翻译为 “Ga Ri Xi”。
Ingredients: black synthetic borneol, pomegranate, cassia bark, rhizoma kaempferiae, rheum officinale etc totally 15 ingredients.
Function: deacidification, warm the stomach, help to digest, spasmolysis.
Indications: dyspepsia, stomach distension,constipation and symptoms caused by cold factors and kinds of diseases in gastrointestinal tract.
Usage and Dosage:
【关键词】中成药;蒙药;英语说明书;意译;直译;通释
【作者简介】李子娟(1984.10-),女,汉族,内蒙古人,内蒙古医科大学外国语学院,讲师,本科,研究方向:学科教学。
【基金项目】项目名称:中蒙医成药英语说明书的研究与翻译(项目编号:NYJXGG2019053)。
一份药品说明书不仅能传达它本身的配料、成分、功能和使用情况,还能够起到宣传的作用。目前,中药说明书的翻译基本上以直译为主,这样翻译的译文存在着可读性差、译文不易理解等诸多不足,也导致了中药的出口困难等情况,蒙药的英語说明书更是寥寥无几,这就需要我们这些人来进行研究与实践创新。笔者收集了一些中蒙药说明书,有些有英文翻译,但是不太具有可读性或者国际药品规范化等,笔者尝试着作了研究、作实践和比较,对于规范化翻译有了进一步理解。下面举几个例子进行探讨。先看一个比较畅销的感冒药的例子。笔者给出同一药品说明书的两种翻译风格,来进行比较分析。风热感冒颗粒说明书,国药准字Z22025353。第一种翻译如下:
风热感冒颗粒说明书,请仔细阅读说明书并按说明使用或在药师指导下购买和使用。
Specification of Fengre Ganmao Keli,Please read the specification carefully and use or buy and use under the guidance of pharmacist.
[药品名称]Medicine name;
通用名称:风热感冒颗粒
Common name: anemopyretic cold particles;
[性状]本品为棕褐色颗粒:气芳香,味甘、微苦。
[Descriptions] Brownish granules with sweet flavor and slightly bitter taste;
[功能主治]疏风清热,利咽解毒。用于风热感冒,发热,有汗,鼻塞,头痛,咽痛,咳嗽,多痰;
[Function] This product can help induce mild diaphoresis, clear heat and relieve sore throat. It’s good for anemopyretic cold, fever, sweating, stuffy nose, headache, pharyngalgia, cough and phlegm。
[Directions] Oral administration, 1 bag each time, 3 times per day。
[不良反应]尚不明确。
[Untoward effect] Unclear。
[禁忌]尚不明确。
[Contraindications] Unclear.
[注意事项]
1.忌烟、酒及辛辣、生冷、油腻食物。
2.不宜在服药期间同时服用滋补性中成药。
3.风寒感冒者不适用,其表现为恶寒重,发热轻,无汗,鼻塞流清涕,口不渴,咳吐稀白痰。
4.糖尿病患者及有高血压、心脏病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者、孕妇或正在接受其他治疗的患者,均应在医师指导下服用。
5.服药三天后症状无改善,或出现发热咳嗽加重,并有其他症状如胸闷、心悸等时应去医院就诊。
6.按照用法用量服用,小儿、年老体虚者应在医师指导下服用。
7.连续服用应向医师咨询。
8.对本品过敏者禁用,过敏体质者慎用。
9.本品性状发生改变时禁止使用。
10.儿童必须在成人监护下使用。
11.请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。
12.如正在使用其他药品,使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。
[Precautions]
1. Do not smoke, drink, have spicy, raw or cold and oily food.
2. It’s inadvisable to have nourishing Chinese patent medicine during the medication period.
3. It’s not applicable for common cold due to wind-cold, which shows deep aversion to cold, slight fever, adiapneustia, nasal obstruction and clear nasal discharge, hydroadipsia, cough with white sputum.
4. Diabetic patient, chronic disease patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, liver complaint and kidney disease, pregnant women or other patients who are receiving other treatments. It should be taken under the guidance of doctor. 5. If there is no improvement 3 days after administration, or fever and cough are getting more serious with other symptoms such as chest distress and palpitation, it’s suggested to see the doctor.
6. Take the medicine according to the usage and dosage. The children or weak patients should take the medicine under the guidance of doctor.
7. Go to see the doctor if taking the medicine continuously.
8. It’s not allowed for the patients who are allergic to this product, and the patients who have allergic constitution should use with caution.
9. Please do not use when the character of this product changes.
10. Children can only take the medicine under the custody of adults.
11. Keep out of reach of children.
12. If you are taking other medicines, please consult your physician or pharmacist before using this product.
同样的内容在第二篇说明书中的重点部分翻译如下:Wind-heat syndrome Cold Granules
[character] Brownish granules ,sweet ,a little bitter.
[Functions and Indications]
Functions: to dispell wind for clearing heat, relieving sore throat and clearing heat-toxin.
Indications: for wind-heat type cold patients with fever, sweat, nasal obstruction, headache, sore throat, cough, and profuse sputum.
[Adverse reactions] remain unclear。
[Taboo] remain unclear
[Precautions]
3. It is not suitable for cold-wind type patients with aversion to cold, light fever, no sweat, nasal congestion and thin nasal discharge, not thirsty, cough and phlegm.
7. Consult with your physician for continuous use.
8. Forbidden for those allergic to this product; and use with caution for those with allergic diathesis.
9. Forbidden to use when the characteristics of this product are changes.
11. Keep this product out of reach of children.
12. If you are taking other products, please consult to the doctor or pharmacist before this product.
比較分析两篇译文,在词汇的选择方面,关于题头药名称的翻译第一篇把“风热感冒颗粒”翻译成“anemopyretic cold particles”,本身“anemopyretic cold ”是地道的“风热感冒”的医学词汇;而第二篇中“Wind-heat Syndrome Cold”虽然也有“风热症”的意思,但是表达上还是略低一筹。“咳吐稀白痰”第一篇中翻译为“cough with white sputum”。介词“with”恰当地译为“伴随”,第二篇中直接翻译成“cough and phlegm”,显然不如加上介词“with”。对于“口服”一词的翻译,第一篇中的“Oral administration”严谨恰当;相比之下第二篇中的“orally”作为医药说明书中的表达有点偏口语化和随意。“糖尿病患者及有高血压、 心脏病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者”第一篇翻译得非常严谨:“Diabetic patient, chronic disease patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, liver complaint and kidney disease”;而第二篇“Take under guidance of physician for diabetic patients and patients with high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease and other chronic diseases”意思有偏差。“有高血压、 心脏病、肝病、肾病等慢性病严重者”这句的意思是患有这些病的慢性病者,是从属关系,然而第二篇把这句翻译成了并列关系,这显然是错误的。“本品性状发生改变时禁止使用”第一篇中翻译为“Please do not use when the character of this product changes”,翻译简洁明了;第二篇译为“Forbidden to use when the characteristics of this product are changes”,语法运用有误。“forbidden”本身为形容词,这里不适合使用,其次“性状改变”不用系动词“are”,直接用动词“change”就可以。“请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方”正如第一篇中直接翻译为“Keep out of reach of children”即可,意思简洁明了。 笔者进行综合对比分析后,得出第一篇翻译为此药品说明书的规范译文。近些年,对于中药的英文翻译还是呈上升趋势的,然而蒙药却基本没有什么英文翻译,所以只能作为开始者和实践者去进行一些初步探索,希望以后会有更多的人认识和使用蒙药。下面我们看一种蒙药的翻译。
蒙药名称“嘎日西”。
处方:黑冰片、石榴、肉桂、山奈、大黄等15味。
功能:祛酸、暖胃、消食、解痉。
主治:消化不良、嗳气吞酸、胃腹胀满、便秘寒痛和胃肠道各种疾病。用法用量:一次5-7粒,一日1-2次,温开水送服。室温贮藏。
笔者翻译为 “Ga Ri Xi”。
Ingredients: black synthetic borneol, pomegranate, cassia bark, rhizoma kaempferiae, rheum officinale etc totally 15 ingredients.
Function: deacidification, warm the stomach, help to digest, spasmolysis.
Indications: dyspepsia, stomach distension,constipation and symptoms caused by cold factors and kinds of diseases in gastrointestinal tract.
Usage and Dosage: