施特劳斯说,“现代性的第一次危机出现在让-雅克·卢梭的思想中”。(1)于其著作中,我们不仅能看到卢梭与古典传统的分野,还能目睹他与18至19世纪政治哲学的决裂。《论人与人之间不平等的起因和基础》(2)可谓卢梭最重要的早期作品,其终点成为《爱弥儿》与《社会契约论》等后续思考的起点。《二论》进行了一场思 Strauss said that “the first crisis of modernity was in Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s mind.” (1) In his writings, we can not only see Rousseau’s separation from the classical tradition, but also witness his break with the political philosophy of the 18th and 19th centuries. “On the Causes and Foundations of Inequality between People” (2) The most important early works of Rousseau, the end of which has become the starting point for subsequent thinking such as “Emile” and “Social Contract.” “Second Theory” carried out a thought