论文部分内容阅读
英语中,it句型的种类较多,与其相关的句型也不少,而且这些句型容易混淆,同时也是历届高考中的重点内容。现将历届高考试题中出现过的这类句型及相关句型归纳如下,并配上高考试题,供同学们学习参考。
◆一、It is / was + 强调部分 + that从句
考点说明:该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。这一句型可以强调除谓语以外的任何成分。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who替换。如果把去掉该句型结构,应该是一个完整的句子。这是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法之一。
考点例析:
1. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to.(2007江西卷)
A. itB. thatC. thisD. which
解析:it is ... that ...构成强调句,对how she does it进行强调。It is...who/that...句型是一个常见的强调句型。答案为A。
2. —I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (2009浙江卷)
A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it
解析:考查强调句型和名词性从句。由句中“not how much you read but what you read”做动词count 的主语,选D构成强调句型。
◆二、It is/was + 过去分词 + that从句
考点说明:这一句型中常用的过去分词有said,reported,known,thought,believed,suggested等等。该句型中的it 是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为:“据说 (据报道,据悉……)”等。 it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。
考点例析:
1. It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008年上海卷)
A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that
解析:答案D。此题考查that引导主语从句的用法。句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是eating vegetables in ...life,所以用that引导这个主语从句,而that不作任何成分,也没有意义。
2. in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005上海卷)
A. What is requiredB. What requires
C. It is requiredD. It requires
解析:答案C。本题考查的是主语从句。意为“规定要求你不应该告诉他人你的电子邮件账户”。根据句子结构,it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,它与required之间是动宾关系。
◆三、It will be + 时间段 + before从句
考点说明:表示“过多久就会发生某事”;若主句中用will not be则表示“不久就会发生某事”;若主句中用was则表示“过了多久某人就做某事了”;若主句中用wasn’t则表示“没过多久某人就做某事了”。在此句式中若主句用将来时或一般现在时,从句用一般现在时,若主句为一般过去时时,从句也用过去时。
考点例析:
1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time we meet them again. (2007安徽卷)
A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when
解析:答案B。before意为“在……之前”。根据所提供的情景The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months可判断“要很长时间我们才能再见面”的意思。主句为it will be,从句用一般现在时,用before引导从句。
2. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time Brian gets back.(2008年北京卷)
A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after
解析:答案A。考查连词。It is some time before 是一个句型,表示“在之前就有一段时间了”。
◆四、It is + 时间段 + since从句
考点说明:表示“自从……以来已有多长时间了”。指由过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间的总和,从句多用一般过去时。主句为一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
考点例析:
1. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much. (2005安徽卷)
A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since
解析:答案D。考查“It is + 时间段 + since从句”句式;当从句的动词是延续性动词时,表示自从动作的结束以来有多长时间。此句中enjoy为延续性动词;意为“我已经好多年没玩得这么开心了”。
2. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.(2005北京卷)
A. beforeB. sinceC. afterD. when
解析:答案B。“自从我们上次见面已有五年了。”
◆五、It was + 具体时间 + when + 从句
考点说明:it 指时间,主句和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是will be,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。 本结构when从句是定语从句,具体时间点是先行词。该句型意为“当某事发生时,时间是在……”。
考点例析:
—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was?
—was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007 年浙江卷)
A. that; ThisB. this; It
C. it; ThisD. that; It
解析:答案D。that用于指代在前面刚提到的东西或事情。that在该句中指上文的“He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.”这件事。下句考查“It was + 具体时间 + when + 从句,”it指时间。
◆六、It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 是第一 (二) ……次……
考点说明:这个句型中的 that从句要用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用 this 替换。
考点例析:
It is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西卷)
A. seeB. had seen
C. sawD. have seen
解析:答案D。考查动词时态。the + 序数词 + time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时,有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时。
◆七、It is + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) +to do...
考点说明:表示“(某人) 做某事是……”。若表示事物的特点或特征时,用for sb.;若表示人的特征或特点时,用of sb.;若表示动作的特点时,常用不定式 。
考点例析:
It isn’t socially for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (2007山东卷)
A. accessibleB. adorable
C. adaptableD. acceptable
解析:答案D。考查It is + adj. + for sb. + to do... 中的形容词,acceptable意为“可接受的,合意的”。根据所提供的情景“to leave children unattended at the age”可判断出社会不允许父母在孩子那种年龄时不进行照顾。accessible意为“易接近的,可到达的,易受影响的,可理解的”;adorable意为“可崇拜的,可爱的”;adaptable意为“能适应的,可修改的”。
◆八、It is/was + 形容词/名词 + that从句
考点说明:it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。注意:It is important / natural / necessary / strange that从句,后应用 (should) + 动词原形。
考点例析:
It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. (2009天津卷)
A. asB. which
C. whetherD. that
解析:答案D。考查名词性从句的结构。It + be + adj. + that从句,注意要与强调句和定语从句区别开。
◆九、It + is + 名词词组 + that 从句
考点说明:it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。常见的有It is no wonder that…难怪某人……;It is an honor…很荣幸……;It is a question that………是个问题;It is good news that………是好消息;It is common knowledge………是常识。
考点例析:
1. The Foreign Minister said, “our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京卷)
A. This isB. There is
C. That isD. It is
解析:答案D。it为形式宾语,that从句为真正的宾语。由于that引导的主语从句太长,故,用it代替,将主语从句置于句末。
2. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. he is tired out. (2005湖北卷)
A. There is no point
B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way
解析:答案C。It is no wonder he is tired out. “难怪他累坏了。”
◆十、….find / believe / think / feel / consider / make + it + 形容词/名词to do sth.
考点说明:该句型中的it 作形式宾语,为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。 6指主句中常用的动词:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
考点例析:
1. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005全国I卷)
A. thatB. itC. thisD. him
解析:答案B。it为形式宾语,代替不定式短语。
2. He didn’t make clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津卷)
A. thisB. thatC. itD. these
解析:it作形式宾语,when and where the meeting would be held作真正的宾语。
(作者:孙小峰,甘肃省定西市安定区中华路中学)
◆一、It is / was + 强调部分 + that从句
考点说明:该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。这一句型可以强调除谓语以外的任何成分。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who替换。如果把去掉该句型结构,应该是一个完整的句子。这是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法之一。
考点例析:
1. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to.(2007江西卷)
A. itB. thatC. thisD. which
解析:it is ... that ...构成强调句,对how she does it进行强调。It is...who/that...句型是一个常见的强调句型。答案为A。
2. —I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (2009浙江卷)
A. thisB. thatC. thereD. it
解析:考查强调句型和名词性从句。由句中“not how much you read but what you read”做动词count 的主语,选D构成强调句型。
◆二、It is/was + 过去分词 + that从句
考点说明:这一句型中常用的过去分词有said,reported,known,thought,believed,suggested等等。该句型中的it 是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为:“据说 (据报道,据悉……)”等。 it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。
考点例析:
1. It has been proved eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (2008年上海卷)
A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that
解析:答案D。此题考查that引导主语从句的用法。句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是eating vegetables in ...life,所以用that引导这个主语从句,而that不作任何成分,也没有意义。
2. in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (2005上海卷)
A. What is requiredB. What requires
C. It is requiredD. It requires
解析:答案C。本题考查的是主语从句。意为“规定要求你不应该告诉他人你的电子邮件账户”。根据句子结构,it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,它与required之间是动宾关系。
◆三、It will be + 时间段 + before从句
考点说明:表示“过多久就会发生某事”;若主句中用will not be则表示“不久就会发生某事”;若主句中用was则表示“过了多久某人就做某事了”;若主句中用wasn’t则表示“没过多久某人就做某事了”。在此句式中若主句用将来时或一般现在时,从句用一般现在时,若主句为一般过去时时,从句也用过去时。
考点例析:
1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time we meet them again. (2007安徽卷)
A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when
解析:答案B。before意为“在……之前”。根据所提供的情景The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months可判断“要很长时间我们才能再见面”的意思。主句为it will be,从句用一般现在时,用before引导从句。
2. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time Brian gets back.(2008年北京卷)
A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after
解析:答案A。考查连词。It is some time before 是一个句型,表示“在之前就有一段时间了”。
◆四、It is + 时间段 + since从句
考点说明:表示“自从……以来已有多长时间了”。指由过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间的总和,从句多用一般过去时。主句为一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。
考点例析:
1. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much. (2005安徽卷)
A. whenB. thatC. beforeD. since
解析:答案D。考查“It is + 时间段 + since从句”句式;当从句的动词是延续性动词时,表示自从动作的结束以来有多长时间。此句中enjoy为延续性动词;意为“我已经好多年没玩得这么开心了”。
2. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.(2005北京卷)
A. beforeB. sinceC. afterD. when
解析:答案B。“自从我们上次见面已有五年了。”
◆五、It was + 具体时间 + when + 从句
考点说明:it 指时间,主句和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是will be,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。 本结构when从句是定语从句,具体时间点是先行词。该句型意为“当某事发生时,时间是在……”。
考点例析:
—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was?
—was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007 年浙江卷)
A. that; ThisB. this; It
C. it; ThisD. that; It
解析:答案D。that用于指代在前面刚提到的东西或事情。that在该句中指上文的“He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.”这件事。下句考查“It was + 具体时间 + when + 从句,”it指时间。
◆六、It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 是第一 (二) ……次……
考点说明:这个句型中的 that从句要用完成时态。至于用哪种完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用 this 替换。
考点例析:
It is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西卷)
A. seeB. had seen
C. sawD. have seen
解析:答案D。考查动词时态。the + 序数词 + time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时,有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时。
◆七、It is + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) +to do...
考点说明:表示“(某人) 做某事是……”。若表示事物的特点或特征时,用for sb.;若表示人的特征或特点时,用of sb.;若表示动作的特点时,常用不定式 。
考点例析:
It isn’t socially for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (2007山东卷)
A. accessibleB. adorable
C. adaptableD. acceptable
解析:答案D。考查It is + adj. + for sb. + to do... 中的形容词,acceptable意为“可接受的,合意的”。根据所提供的情景“to leave children unattended at the age”可判断出社会不允许父母在孩子那种年龄时不进行照顾。accessible意为“易接近的,可到达的,易受影响的,可理解的”;adorable意为“可崇拜的,可爱的”;adaptable意为“能适应的,可修改的”。
◆八、It is/was + 形容词/名词 + that从句
考点说明:it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。注意:It is important / natural / necessary / strange that从句,后应用 (should) + 动词原形。
考点例析:
It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. (2009天津卷)
A. asB. which
C. whetherD. that
解析:答案D。考查名词性从句的结构。It + be + adj. + that从句,注意要与强调句和定语从句区别开。
◆九、It + is + 名词词组 + that 从句
考点说明:it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。常见的有It is no wonder that…难怪某人……;It is an honor…很荣幸……;It is a question that………是个问题;It is good news that………是好消息;It is common knowledge………是常识。
考点例析:
1. The Foreign Minister said, “our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京卷)
A. This isB. There is
C. That isD. It is
解析:答案D。it为形式宾语,that从句为真正的宾语。由于that引导的主语从句太长,故,用it代替,将主语从句置于句末。
2. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. he is tired out. (2005湖北卷)
A. There is no point
B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way
解析:答案C。It is no wonder he is tired out. “难怪他累坏了。”
◆十、….find / believe / think / feel / consider / make + it + 形容词/名词to do sth.
考点说明:该句型中的it 作形式宾语,为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。 6指主句中常用的动词:think, believe, make, find, consider, feel;1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
考点例析:
1. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005全国I卷)
A. thatB. itC. thisD. him
解析:答案B。it为形式宾语,代替不定式短语。
2. He didn’t make clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津卷)
A. thisB. thatC. itD. these
解析:it作形式宾语,when and where the meeting would be held作真正的宾语。
(作者:孙小峰,甘肃省定西市安定区中华路中学)