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李富军（译）
今年是俄罗斯雕塑家A.C.查尔金从事雕塑创作40周年纪念，从1966年他从列宾美术学院雕塑系毕业算起。
要评论这位雕塑家的艺术成就，绝不应单单看他的艺术作品，而要联系他的成长经历和他所承担的社会责任全面考量。
1956年，年轻的查尔金奔赴黑海海军服役，期间先后遇到两个在他的命运中扮演了重要角色的人物：V.Krigorchuk和V.Shrubom（列宾美院毕业生），前者影响了他的世界观从而让他决定考大学，后者则点燃了他内心深处艺术的火种，开始美术创作并最终在服完兵役的1960年考取了列宾美术学院雕塑系。
在美院雕塑系的一、二年级，查尔金和来自中国的年轻活跃的留学生曹春生同班，后来曹春生进了阿尼库申的工作室，而查尔金分到宾秋克工作室。
在宾秋克工作室学习的这段时间，查尔金渐渐明白了：艺术不只是高超的技艺、想象能力、感觉，它还应是美好和正义的理想的表现。艺术作品需要体现和重视的其他重要特征还有单纯、真实、真诚。这些原则一直伴随着查尔金的艺术生涯并影响着他的艺术观。
六年之后，查尔金以优异成绩毕业，其毕业创作《为了大众的命运》塑造了一位忍辱坚毅、性格鲜明的十二月党革命者令人难忘的典型形象，获得了前苏联文化部的一等奖。（图2）
毕业之后的查尔金开始在达穆斯克即后来由阿尼库申接任的创作工作室工作了四年，并开始独立的创作生涯。
1985年5月9日，俄罗斯二战胜利40周年纪念日，查尔金同斯维什尼可夫、彼特洛夫合作的胜利纪念碑在圣彼得堡市中心的起义广场落成。（图3，4）
1988年，纪念碑雕塑《基辅俄罗斯的守护者》在他生活过的城市卢本那落成，雕塑的主人公弗拉基米尔·斯维塔司拉瓦维奇是1000年前古俄罗斯基辅周边包括这座城市在内的创建者。在这尊雕塑中查尔金投入了巨大的热情和力量，突出体现了主人公的英勇，同时又包含了善良、美和生的信念。他用符合历史史实的细致入微的装束、武器，肯定的造型，塑造了一个令人信服的真实生活中的英雄的典型形象。雕塑中充满激情而稳重的动势，准确地传达了勇敢的精神和英雄气概。（图5）
在圣彼得堡的“莫斯科”火车站候车大厅中彼得一世纪念碑的落成让更多的人知道了这位当时已经是圣彼得堡美协主席的雕塑家，当时是1993年。1990年前苏联解体后，列宁格勒更名为圣彼得堡，作为城市中最重要门户的“莫斯科”火车站候车大厅中的列宁像决定被拆除而以城市的创建者彼得一世取代，整个建造过程充满戏剧性。在俄罗斯制作历史人物的肖像雕塑要求极其苛刻，纪念碑建造委员会接受了查尔金的建议，决定按照东宫博物馆藏的雕塑家Rstrelly做的彼得像为原形塑造，那是为数不多的在沙皇生前塑造的彼得肖像之一，只是尺寸较小。这个肖像原形保存了彼得一世头上每个部位的造型数据，查尔金在创作时把面部表情做了新的改动，赋予了主人公更多的权威感和英雄气，成为一尊连接历史和现实的彼得一世纪念碑。（图6）
一般来讲，塑造和我们间隔久远的历史人物肖像时保留着一个传统，即肖像的容貌应该尽量以先前艺术家所塑造的形象为基准，因为他们铭刻在脑海中的外貌因时间接近较我们更真实。查尔金在塑造A.Korchakov纪念碑（1998年，市中心的亚历山大公园）时没有急于更改已存在的主人公的形象，相反极大地尊重了前辈的艺术造型。（图7）
2002年，亚历山大·涅夫斯基纪念碑完成并树立于亚历山大·涅夫斯基广场，这样就使圣彼得堡市中心涅瓦街沿线，成了查尔金作品的长廊。（图8）
2004年，查尔金同中国雕塑家李富军合作的纪念碑《友谊和平天使》，完美地结合了现实和浪漫主义因素，为纪念碑雕塑开创了全新的构图形式，在赋予纪念碑丰富内涵的同时又极大地宣扬了纯雕塑的形式美感。（图9）
这期间, 查尔金还完成了数不清的雕塑作品，比如：俄罗斯诗人谢尔盖·叶塞宁像（1995年，俄罗斯）；《美人鱼》(1995年，德国)；A．明什可夫胸像（1997年，俄罗斯）；阿斯塔普·宾德纪念碑（2000年，俄罗斯）等等。
雕塑家查尔金的命运并不简单，他的创作生涯正好处在了历史的巨大转折时期：整个社会放弃了曾经的价值取向，政治的以及经济的。这影响了整个大的社会生活环境，当然也包括这位艺术家的命运。这一切查尔金都坚持了过来，并且在复杂的演变过程中找到了自我，表现出了钢铁般的意志，本质的一贯的性格，不言而喻还有他不可或缺的真正的天才。他切入艺术问题的方式，解决创作问题的思路显示了与生俱来的天分、敏感的思想、卓越的感觉能力。他的作品的价值在于，定位于古典主义风格，表现自己的手法和造型语言。这给予了他的作品很强的个性特征。
这位责任心极强的雕塑家现在年近70岁，还在以充沛的精力从事创作并同时担任着列宾美术学院院长和圣彼得堡美协主席的职务。与其他艺术家不同，担任社会职务的查尔金拥有相当的政治权利。“利用手中的权利无时无刻不在与艺术界的邪恶势力斗争，他是一个用现实手段改造世界的理想主义者。”这是社会上对他的评价。在宗教神话中铲除恶龙的英雄“Kiorky”象征俄罗斯的守护神，这一直是查尔金创作的一个主题，如果深入了解他，就很容易认识到其实“Kiorky”正是查尔金理想主义的源泉和他生活的精神维他命。
Russian Sculptor, A.C. Charkin
by Olga Tolstaya
In 1966 he graduated from sculpture department of Repin Fine Arts Institute, it is the 40 nniversary for the Russian sculptor A.C. Charkin who engaged in sculpture creation this year.
To make comments on the sculptor’s artistic achievements, we should connect his growth experience and social responsibility together, rather than only pay attention on his artworks.
In 1956, young Charkin had served in the Black Sea navy, he came across two persons who played an important role in his destiny during the period of enlistment: V.Krigorchuk and V.Shrubom (graduators of Repin Fine Arts Institute), the former who had affected his world view let him decide to apply for university, the latter gave him arts interesting, making him start art creating, complete military service and be admitted to the sculpture department of Repin Fine Arts Institute in 1960 when he finished his military service.
In the freshman or sophomore class of sculpture department, Charkin and young active Chinese student Chunsheng Cao were in the same class. Later Chunsheng Cao studied in Anikushin studio, and Charkin studied in Pinchuk studio.
During working and studying in Pinchuk studio, Charkin got to understand that art was not just excellent feat, the ability of imagine, and feeling, but the reflection of fine and just ideal. Another important characteristic that artwork needed to embody is simple, true, sincere. These principles have always accompanied with Charkin and affected his art view.
Six years later Charkin had graduated with outstanding achievement. His graduate creation “for masses destiny” which figures the typical image of a December revolutionary with adamant and distinct character has gained the first prize of Cultural Ministry of the former Soviet Union.(Picture two)
After graduation Charkin worked in Tomskoi studio four years which been succeed by Anikushin, and started his independent creation career.
The day of May 9, 1985 is the 40th anniversary for Russia victory in the Second World War. The monument for victory created by Charkin, Sveshnikov, and Petrov was completed in public squares in the center of Saint Petersburg. (Picture three,four)
1988, monument sculpture “Kiew, defending person of Muscovite”was completed in Lu Ben the city he had lived in, Vladimir Sviatoslavovish who was the character of sculpture, is the creator of the ancient Russia Kiew periphery including this city a thousand years ago. Charkin has put much enthusiasm and energy on this sculpture, to embody the character of braveness, meanwhile, the work included kindness, beauty, and life belief. He used meticulousness according with historical facts in every possible way attire, weapon, and affirmative model, figuring hero’s typical and convincing image. Stirring and steady sculpture figure communicates brave spirit and heroic mettle accurately. (Picture five)
The completion of Peter I monument which sits in the hall of the Saint Petersburg “Moscow”railway station made more people know this sculptor who had been the chairman of the art association of Saint Petersburg in 1993. After Soviet Union disintegrates in 1990 the name of Leningrad changed into Saint Petersburg. The portrait of Lenine figure sited in the hall of the Saint Petersburg “Moscow”railway station, which is the important door of city, was replaced by Peter I figure. The process was full of dramatics. The standard of historical portrait sculpture is extremely harsh in Russia. The monument building committee who had accepted Charkin’s suggestion, decided to shape the Peter I portrait according to the mold created by sculptor Rstrelly and collected in Eastern Palace museum. Although this original shape is among a select number of Peter I figures in his lifetime, the size is small. This portrait preserved every shape data of Peter I’s head. Charkin has made new chang to facial expression, and given the character more authority and hero feeling, this made the monument become a monument linking history and real Peter I. (Picture six)
Generally speaking, when shaping a historical portrait of a person removed so long there is a tradition, which means the appearance of the portrait should base on the image molded by preceding artists as precise as possible. Because the time approaches to them, the appearance engraved in their mind is more real than us. When shaping the monument to A.Korchakov (in 1998, Alexander park locates in the center of the town) Charkin wasn’t eager to change the image of the main character existed, instead, he greatly respected the art style of the seniors. (Picture seven)
In 2002, the monument to A.Korchakov has been completed and set in the Alexander Nevskiy Square, which makes the line of the Neva Street in the center of St. Petersburg becomes the gallery of Charkin’s works. (Picture eight)
2004, the monument to “friendship and peace angel” completed by Charkin and Chinese sculptor Li Fujun, has perfectly combined realistic and romantic elements, created brand-new composition form for the monument sculpture, greatly advocated aesthetic feeling of the form of pure sculptures, while enriching content for the monument. (Picture nine)
During that time, Charkin had completed a lot of sculptures, for example: portrait of Russian poet Sergei Esenin (1995, Russia ); “Mermaid” (1995, Germany); the bust of A.Men’shikov (1997, Russia); monument to Ostap Bender(2000, Russia),ect.
Sculptor Charkin’s destiny was not simple, because his productive time had happened to be the period of the momentous turning point in history: the whole society abandoned former value orientation, politics as well as the economy. This affected the living environment of the entire society, also included the fate of the artist. Charkin had pulled through all these, and found himself in the complex course of evolution, showed iron will, essential and consistent character, and indispensable talent without saying. The way he cut into the artistic question and the thought he solved the creative problem all demonstrated his inherent talent, sensitive thought, and remarkable feeling ability. The value of his works lied in locating classicism style to show his own manner and modeling language. All these had given his works strong personality feature.
Now the sculptor with strong responsibility is nearly 70 years old, but he is still devoting to the creation with Vigorous energy, at the same time acts as master of Repin Fine Arts Institute and chairman of St. Petersburg Art Association. Different from other artists, Charkin possesses highly political rights while holding social duties. “Making use of the rights always struggle with evil force in the art world, he is an idealism who uses practical means to reforming the world.” This is the community’s appraisal on him. The Hero “Kiorky” who rooted up the evil dragon in the religious myth symbolizes the patron saint of Russia. This is also a creative topic of Charkin. Giving a deep insight of Charkin, it is easy to understand that in fact “Kiorky” is exactly the source of Charkin’s idealism and the spirit vitamin of his life.
今年是俄罗斯雕塑家A.C.查尔金从事雕塑创作40周年纪念，从1966年他从列宾美术学院雕塑系毕业算起。
要评论这位雕塑家的艺术成就，绝不应单单看他的艺术作品，而要联系他的成长经历和他所承担的社会责任全面考量。
1956年，年轻的查尔金奔赴黑海海军服役，期间先后遇到两个在他的命运中扮演了重要角色的人物：V.Krigorchuk和V.Shrubom（列宾美院毕业生），前者影响了他的世界观从而让他决定考大学，后者则点燃了他内心深处艺术的火种，开始美术创作并最终在服完兵役的1960年考取了列宾美术学院雕塑系。
在美院雕塑系的一、二年级，查尔金和来自中国的年轻活跃的留学生曹春生同班，后来曹春生进了阿尼库申的工作室，而查尔金分到宾秋克工作室。
在宾秋克工作室学习的这段时间，查尔金渐渐明白了：艺术不只是高超的技艺、想象能力、感觉，它还应是美好和正义的理想的表现。艺术作品需要体现和重视的其他重要特征还有单纯、真实、真诚。这些原则一直伴随着查尔金的艺术生涯并影响着他的艺术观。
六年之后，查尔金以优异成绩毕业，其毕业创作《为了大众的命运》塑造了一位忍辱坚毅、性格鲜明的十二月党革命者令人难忘的典型形象，获得了前苏联文化部的一等奖。（图2）
毕业之后的查尔金开始在达穆斯克即后来由阿尼库申接任的创作工作室工作了四年，并开始独立的创作生涯。
1985年5月9日，俄罗斯二战胜利40周年纪念日，查尔金同斯维什尼可夫、彼特洛夫合作的胜利纪念碑在圣彼得堡市中心的起义广场落成。（图3，4）
1988年，纪念碑雕塑《基辅俄罗斯的守护者》在他生活过的城市卢本那落成，雕塑的主人公弗拉基米尔·斯维塔司拉瓦维奇是1000年前古俄罗斯基辅周边包括这座城市在内的创建者。在这尊雕塑中查尔金投入了巨大的热情和力量，突出体现了主人公的英勇，同时又包含了善良、美和生的信念。他用符合历史史实的细致入微的装束、武器，肯定的造型，塑造了一个令人信服的真实生活中的英雄的典型形象。雕塑中充满激情而稳重的动势，准确地传达了勇敢的精神和英雄气概。（图5）
在圣彼得堡的“莫斯科”火车站候车大厅中彼得一世纪念碑的落成让更多的人知道了这位当时已经是圣彼得堡美协主席的雕塑家，当时是1993年。1990年前苏联解体后，列宁格勒更名为圣彼得堡，作为城市中最重要门户的“莫斯科”火车站候车大厅中的列宁像决定被拆除而以城市的创建者彼得一世取代，整个建造过程充满戏剧性。在俄罗斯制作历史人物的肖像雕塑要求极其苛刻，纪念碑建造委员会接受了查尔金的建议，决定按照东宫博物馆藏的雕塑家Rstrelly做的彼得像为原形塑造，那是为数不多的在沙皇生前塑造的彼得肖像之一，只是尺寸较小。这个肖像原形保存了彼得一世头上每个部位的造型数据，查尔金在创作时把面部表情做了新的改动，赋予了主人公更多的权威感和英雄气，成为一尊连接历史和现实的彼得一世纪念碑。（图6）
一般来讲，塑造和我们间隔久远的历史人物肖像时保留着一个传统，即肖像的容貌应该尽量以先前艺术家所塑造的形象为基准，因为他们铭刻在脑海中的外貌因时间接近较我们更真实。查尔金在塑造A.Korchakov纪念碑（1998年，市中心的亚历山大公园）时没有急于更改已存在的主人公的形象，相反极大地尊重了前辈的艺术造型。（图7）
2002年，亚历山大·涅夫斯基纪念碑完成并树立于亚历山大·涅夫斯基广场，这样就使圣彼得堡市中心涅瓦街沿线，成了查尔金作品的长廊。（图8）
2004年，查尔金同中国雕塑家李富军合作的纪念碑《友谊和平天使》，完美地结合了现实和浪漫主义因素，为纪念碑雕塑开创了全新的构图形式，在赋予纪念碑丰富内涵的同时又极大地宣扬了纯雕塑的形式美感。（图9）
这期间, 查尔金还完成了数不清的雕塑作品，比如：俄罗斯诗人谢尔盖·叶塞宁像（1995年，俄罗斯）；《美人鱼》(1995年，德国)；A．明什可夫胸像（1997年，俄罗斯）；阿斯塔普·宾德纪念碑（2000年，俄罗斯）等等。
雕塑家查尔金的命运并不简单，他的创作生涯正好处在了历史的巨大转折时期：整个社会放弃了曾经的价值取向，政治的以及经济的。这影响了整个大的社会生活环境，当然也包括这位艺术家的命运。这一切查尔金都坚持了过来，并且在复杂的演变过程中找到了自我，表现出了钢铁般的意志，本质的一贯的性格，不言而喻还有他不可或缺的真正的天才。他切入艺术问题的方式，解决创作问题的思路显示了与生俱来的天分、敏感的思想、卓越的感觉能力。他的作品的价值在于，定位于古典主义风格，表现自己的手法和造型语言。这给予了他的作品很强的个性特征。
这位责任心极强的雕塑家现在年近70岁，还在以充沛的精力从事创作并同时担任着列宾美术学院院长和圣彼得堡美协主席的职务。与其他艺术家不同，担任社会职务的查尔金拥有相当的政治权利。“利用手中的权利无时无刻不在与艺术界的邪恶势力斗争，他是一个用现实手段改造世界的理想主义者。”这是社会上对他的评价。在宗教神话中铲除恶龙的英雄“Kiorky”象征俄罗斯的守护神，这一直是查尔金创作的一个主题，如果深入了解他，就很容易认识到其实“Kiorky”正是查尔金理想主义的源泉和他生活的精神维他命。
Russian Sculptor, A.C. Charkin
by Olga Tolstaya
In 1966 he graduated from sculpture department of Repin Fine Arts Institute, it is the 40 nniversary for the Russian sculptor A.C. Charkin who engaged in sculpture creation this year.
To make comments on the sculptor’s artistic achievements, we should connect his growth experience and social responsibility together, rather than only pay attention on his artworks.
In 1956, young Charkin had served in the Black Sea navy, he came across two persons who played an important role in his destiny during the period of enlistment: V.Krigorchuk and V.Shrubom (graduators of Repin Fine Arts Institute), the former who had affected his world view let him decide to apply for university, the latter gave him arts interesting, making him start art creating, complete military service and be admitted to the sculpture department of Repin Fine Arts Institute in 1960 when he finished his military service.
In the freshman or sophomore class of sculpture department, Charkin and young active Chinese student Chunsheng Cao were in the same class. Later Chunsheng Cao studied in Anikushin studio, and Charkin studied in Pinchuk studio.
During working and studying in Pinchuk studio, Charkin got to understand that art was not just excellent feat, the ability of imagine, and feeling, but the reflection of fine and just ideal. Another important characteristic that artwork needed to embody is simple, true, sincere. These principles have always accompanied with Charkin and affected his art view.
Six years later Charkin had graduated with outstanding achievement. His graduate creation “for masses destiny” which figures the typical image of a December revolutionary with adamant and distinct character has gained the first prize of Cultural Ministry of the former Soviet Union.(Picture two)
After graduation Charkin worked in Tomskoi studio four years which been succeed by Anikushin, and started his independent creation career.
The day of May 9, 1985 is the 40th anniversary for Russia victory in the Second World War. The monument for victory created by Charkin, Sveshnikov, and Petrov was completed in public squares in the center of Saint Petersburg. (Picture three,four)
1988, monument sculpture “Kiew, defending person of Muscovite”was completed in Lu Ben the city he had lived in, Vladimir Sviatoslavovish who was the character of sculpture, is the creator of the ancient Russia Kiew periphery including this city a thousand years ago. Charkin has put much enthusiasm and energy on this sculpture, to embody the character of braveness, meanwhile, the work included kindness, beauty, and life belief. He used meticulousness according with historical facts in every possible way attire, weapon, and affirmative model, figuring hero’s typical and convincing image. Stirring and steady sculpture figure communicates brave spirit and heroic mettle accurately. (Picture five)
The completion of Peter I monument which sits in the hall of the Saint Petersburg “Moscow”railway station made more people know this sculptor who had been the chairman of the art association of Saint Petersburg in 1993. After Soviet Union disintegrates in 1990 the name of Leningrad changed into Saint Petersburg. The portrait of Lenine figure sited in the hall of the Saint Petersburg “Moscow”railway station, which is the important door of city, was replaced by Peter I figure. The process was full of dramatics. The standard of historical portrait sculpture is extremely harsh in Russia. The monument building committee who had accepted Charkin’s suggestion, decided to shape the Peter I portrait according to the mold created by sculptor Rstrelly and collected in Eastern Palace museum. Although this original shape is among a select number of Peter I figures in his lifetime, the size is small. This portrait preserved every shape data of Peter I’s head. Charkin has made new chang to facial expression, and given the character more authority and hero feeling, this made the monument become a monument linking history and real Peter I. (Picture six)
Generally speaking, when shaping a historical portrait of a person removed so long there is a tradition, which means the appearance of the portrait should base on the image molded by preceding artists as precise as possible. Because the time approaches to them, the appearance engraved in their mind is more real than us. When shaping the monument to A.Korchakov (in 1998, Alexander park locates in the center of the town) Charkin wasn’t eager to change the image of the main character existed, instead, he greatly respected the art style of the seniors. (Picture seven)
In 2002, the monument to A.Korchakov has been completed and set in the Alexander Nevskiy Square, which makes the line of the Neva Street in the center of St. Petersburg becomes the gallery of Charkin’s works. (Picture eight)
2004, the monument to “friendship and peace angel” completed by Charkin and Chinese sculptor Li Fujun, has perfectly combined realistic and romantic elements, created brand-new composition form for the monument sculpture, greatly advocated aesthetic feeling of the form of pure sculptures, while enriching content for the monument. (Picture nine)
During that time, Charkin had completed a lot of sculptures, for example: portrait of Russian poet Sergei Esenin (1995, Russia ); “Mermaid” (1995, Germany); the bust of A.Men’shikov (1997, Russia); monument to Ostap Bender(2000, Russia),ect.
Sculptor Charkin’s destiny was not simple, because his productive time had happened to be the period of the momentous turning point in history: the whole society abandoned former value orientation, politics as well as the economy. This affected the living environment of the entire society, also included the fate of the artist. Charkin had pulled through all these, and found himself in the complex course of evolution, showed iron will, essential and consistent character, and indispensable talent without saying. The way he cut into the artistic question and the thought he solved the creative problem all demonstrated his inherent talent, sensitive thought, and remarkable feeling ability. The value of his works lied in locating classicism style to show his own manner and modeling language. All these had given his works strong personality feature.
Now the sculptor with strong responsibility is nearly 70 years old, but he is still devoting to the creation with Vigorous energy, at the same time acts as master of Repin Fine Arts Institute and chairman of St. Petersburg Art Association. Different from other artists, Charkin possesses highly political rights while holding social duties. “Making use of the rights always struggle with evil force in the art world, he is an idealism who uses practical means to reforming the world.” This is the community’s appraisal on him. The Hero “Kiorky” who rooted up the evil dragon in the religious myth symbolizes the patron saint of Russia. This is also a creative topic of Charkin. Giving a deep insight of Charkin, it is easy to understand that in fact “Kiorky” is exactly the source of Charkin’s idealism and the spirit vitamin of his life.