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一、名词性从句
【真题再现】
1. Many young people in the West are expected to leave__________could be life’s most important decisio
n—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. (2009江苏卷)
A. asB. thatC. whichD. what
【简析】D。what引导名词性从句 (宾语从句),在could be life’s most important decision从句中做主语,且what引导的从句做leave的宾语,
2. The little girl who got lost decided to remain__________she was and wait for her mother. (2009山东卷)
A. whereB. whatC. howD. who
【简析】A。本题考查表语从句。因为女孩迷路,所以是呆在原处等候她的母亲,只有where表示地点。再如:After reading the book, please put the book where it is. 看完书,请放回原处。
3. It is obvious to the students__________they should get well prepared for their future. (2009天津卷)
A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that
【简析】D。这个句子中,it是形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,即引导主语从句,that在从句中不作任何句子成份,但不可省略。类似的结构如:It’s wellknown / said / reported / believed...+ that...。
4.—Is there any possibility__________you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. what
【简析】B。本题考查同位语从句。因为从句中不缺少句子成份,且没有其它疑问的含义,因此用that来连接。另外,通常在information, fact, wish, hope, idea, chance, promise, message, news, demand, request, suggestion, advice等词后,用that来构成同位语从句。
5. It is not immediately clear__________the financial crisis will soon be over. (2009上海卷)
A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether
【简析】D。本题考查主语从句的连接词。since不可连接主语从句;主语从句中不缺成份,因此,what也不对;从句中有soon一词,表示时间,不可再选when,如没有soon,when正确。全句意思为:金融危机是否很快结束还不很明朗。再如:I wonder if / whether she will recover soon.不知她是否能很快康复。
6. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of__________he can react more appropriately on such occasions. (2009上海卷)
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how
【简析】D。宾语从句中,不缺少句子成份,因此,what, which不正确;因为作为think of的宾语,是指思考“如何”做某事。
7. At first I hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see__________it got any better. (2009北京卷)
A. whenB. howC. whyD. if
【简析】D。考查名词性从句(宾语从句)。if表示“是否”,即给自己几个月的时间,看看情况是否可以变得好一些。其它选项不合题意。
8. We should consider the students’ request__________the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009重庆卷)
A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where
【简析】A。根据题意可知,本题应该选that。that引导同位语从句,修饰中心名词request。这句话的意思是:我们应该考虑学生的这个要求,即学校图书馆应该提供一些有关大众科学方面的书籍。
9. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________it takes to save her life. (2009湖南卷)
A. whicheverB. however
C. whateverD. whoever
【简析】C。whatever引导的从句作do的宾语,而且whatever在从句中作takes的宾语。whatever在用法上跟what相似,只不过意思不太相同,whatever表示“不管什么”之意,起强调的作用,引导名词性从句或状语从句。另外,no matter what也有“不管什么”之意,但只能引导状语从句。如:No matter what happens, I won’t change my mind.不管发生什么事,我都不会改变自己的主张。
10. The how to book can be of great help to __________wants to do the job. (2009陕西卷)
A. whoB. whomever
C. no matter whoD. whoever
【简析】D。宾语从句中缺少主语,因此用who或whoever,no matter who只能引导让步状语从句,如:No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished severely.不管谁违反法律,他都将收到法律的严惩。who有疑问意思,表示“谁”。如:Who will be elected Chairman of the meeting is still unknown.谁将当选会议的主席还不清楚。在该题中whoever=anyone who,全句意思为:对任何想做那件工作的人,这本操作手册是有很大帮助的。
11. The fact has worried many scientists__________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009江西卷)
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though
【简析】C。此题考查的是分隔型同位语从句。同位语从句被has worried many scientists所隔开,同位语从句不缺成份,用that来连接,对the fact进行解释说明。
12. News came from the school office__________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009四川卷)
A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where
【简析】C。本题考查的是分隔型同位语从句。同位语从句被came from the school office所隔开,同位语从句不缺成份,用that来连接,对news进行解释说明。
13. A good friend of mine from __________I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. (2009安徽卷)
A. howB. whomC. whenD. which
【简析】C。本题考查的是名词性从句,而不是定语从句。由句子结构可知,from引导的句子不是定语从句,因为句子的主语是人,与be born from讲不通,因此from后面的句子是when引导的宾语从句,表示时间。句意是我的一个从小玩到大的好朋友,就在我准备去北京时来到我家。
14. Can I speak to__________is in charge of International Sales please? (2009全国卷I)
A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever
【简析】C。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。由句意可知,宾语从句缺主语且是人作主语,这样就排除了B和D,因为what和whatever不可以表示人;who和whoever均可以表示人且作主语,who有疑问意思,还必须可以作为to的宾语,因此只能选C,whoever相当于anyone who。
巩固操练
1. The researchers who study jokes want to know __________people from different nations and cultures find funny.
A. whyB. thatC. whatD. whether
2. The time is not far away __________the information will be made known __________more workers will be trained for their jobs.
A. until; whichB. when; that
C. before; thatD. as; which
3. The only problem is__________we kept getting lost! But London people are very kind and helpful.
A. whyB. whetherC. howD. that
4. __________is known to us all is that the old scientist, for__________life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
A. As; whomB. What; whom
C. Which; whoseD. It; whose
5. Many experts hold the view __________reducing the burden of students and teachers is__________the key to better education lies.
A. which; whereB. which; in which
C. that; whereD. that; in which
6. Another factory has been built near __________used to be a village.
A. WhatB. thatC. whereD. which
7. This kind of fish has eyes, a mouth and__________seems to be a nose.
A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it
8. __________his dream of travelling to the Forbidden City will come true is uncertain.
A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Even if
9. __________has helped to save the drowning old man is worthy of being praised.
A. WhoB. Anyone
C. Those whoD. Whoever
10. __________we cannot figure out is__________quite a few insects, birds and animals are dying out.
A. That; whatB. What; because
C. Why; thatD. What; why
11. The policy of the mainland is very clear and straightforward, and the key problem is__________the leaders of Taiwan will accept it.
A. whetherB. thatC. howD. why
12. He always thinks __________he can do more for the people and society.
A. of ifB. whatC. howD. of how
13. Have you got the message I left with your colleague__________you’ll have to attend a meeting tomorrow afternoon?
A. in whichB. with whom
C. thatD. which
14. Some people are born with the belief __________hey are masters of their own while others feel__________they are at the mercy of others.
A. what; thatB. that; what
C. that; /D. /; that
15. Mr. Jackson has not yet answered my question__________I can go with him to __________the natives call the Gold Triangle next week.
A. that; whichB. that; where
C. whether; thatD. whether; what
16. The two areas are similar __________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except thatB. in which
C. in thatD. so that
17. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make__________it is.
A. what B. whichC. howD. where
18. It is none of your business __________ other people think about you. Believe in yourself.
A. howB. whatC. whichD. when
19. Having checked the doors were closed, and __________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where
20. You can only be sure of __________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something __________in the future.
A. that; whatB. what; /
C. which; thatD. /; that
二、情态动词
【真题再现】
1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There __________ be twelve. (2009全国卷I)
A. shouldB. wouldC. willD. shall
【简析】A。由句意可知:仅有十张票,你什么意思?按理应该十二张。should有“理应”之意,如:Today is Sunday, and he should be at home.今天星期天,他按理应该在家。would, will, shall并无此用法。
2. I can’t leave. She told me that I __________ stay here until she comes back. (2009全国卷II)
A. canB. mustC. willD. may
【简析】B。can表示能力、可能、许可;must表示必须、一定、准是;will表示意愿;may表示许可、可能、也许。由第一句的I can’t leave可知,她告诉我“必须”呆在这儿,直到她回来。
3. This printer is of good quality. If it__________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009天津卷)
A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might
【简析】D。本题考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。根据时间状语within the first year可知,这里表示与将来的可能性相反的假设,因此从句的谓语部分由“should+动词原形”构成。全句意思为:如果我们的打印机一年内出现故障,我们将免费替你维修。
4. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he __________ it differently. (2009江苏卷)
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
【简析】C。本题考查了情态动词和虚拟语气的用法。could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事 (实际上并没做)”。意思为:他不后悔说他所做的事,只不过觉得本可以用不同的方法来表达。
5. The traffic is heavy these days, I __________arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009辽宁卷)
A. canB. mustC. needD. might
【简析】D。might在这里表示推测,意思是“或许,可能”,即由于交通拥挤,我可能会迟到会儿,帮我占个位置好吗?其它几个词不合题意。再如:There might be a football match on TV this evening, but I’m not sure.今晚可能有场足球赛,我说不准。
6. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they__________just be quiet people. (2009安徽卷)
A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. would
【简析】B。由前一句中的not necessarily“并不一定”可知,表示推测的情态动词只有may表示“可能”,与not necessarily相对应。另外,我们还有may/might as well的结构+动词原形。
7. But for the help of my English teacher, I __________the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009福建卷)
A. would not winB. would not have won
C. would winD. would have won
【简析】B。本题考查情态动词与虚拟语气。根据题干可知,本题虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,因此主句谓语动词部分用would / should / could / might +have done结构。另外,but for表示“要不是”之意,全句意为:要不是我英语老师的帮助,我是不会获得英语写作比赛一等奖的。
8. The doctor recommended that you __________swim after eating a large meal. (2009浙江卷)
A. wouldn’tB. couldn’t
C. needn’tD. shouldn’t
【简析】D。recommend表示“建议”之意。后面的宾语从句中谓语动词前用should,也可省略should,但保持动词原形。这样动词还有 (一个坚持) insist,(两个命令) order, command, (三个要求) require, request demand, (四个建议) urge, advise, suggest, propose,
9. It __________have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.(2009上海卷)
A. mayB. canC. mustD. should
【简析】C。由后句的内容可知,只有Tom 一人有车,准是Tom把车停在这儿了。must have done sth.“一定做某事了 (对过去的肯定推测)”。如:Where is Tom? He must be watching TV upstairs. Tom在哪儿?他肯定是在楼上看电视。
10.—I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you__________. (2009四川卷)
A. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might
【简析】C。could表示 (过去) 能够;would表示 (过去) 愿意;should表示应该;might表示 (过去) 可能。全句意思为:—我不在乎别人怎么想。哟,你应该在乎。故should正确。
11. One of the few things you __________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. (2009北京卷)
A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can
【简析】D。can表示“能够”之意。关于英国人你能够确有把握说的几件事之一就是他们喜欢谈论天气。如:I’m sure I can finish the task on time.我确信我能够按时完成任务。
12.—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She __________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (2009重庆卷)
A. shall beB. should have been
C. must beD. might have been
【简析】C。根据答语中的I saw her there just now可知,回答者说话的语气应该是比较肯定的,因为刚刚在教室看到Tom了。在加上问句用的是一般现在时,指现在。由此可知C项正确…must be in the classroom的意思是“一定在教室里”。
13.—It’s the office! So you__________know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry. (2009湖南卷)
A. mustB. willC. mayD. need
【简析】A。must在这里表示肯定推测,意思是“一定”。根据题意可知,这句话的意思是:这里是办公室,你一定知道这里不许吃东西。其它选项不合语境。
14. But for their help, we __________ the program in time. (2009安徽卷)
A. can not helpB. will not finish
C. had finishedD. could not have finished
【简析】D。本题考查情态动词和虚拟语气。But for“要不是”,主句中用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其构成为would / could / might / should (not) + have done。全句意思为:要不是你的帮助,我们不可能按时完成这个项目(事实已完成)。
巩固操练
1.—Excuse me, may I smoke in this meeting room?
—If you __________ , choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. shouldB. couldC. mayD. must
2. Those who need tickets, please search our website to order, or the regular ticketing agents __________be able to sell you.
A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could
3. If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter __________not be read at all.
A. mustB. shallC. mayD. can
4. A mature individual is one who can see a problem from all sides. In fact, those who cannot or not apologize are not truly mature people.
A. mayB. willC. mustD. could
5.—Mummy, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.
—My goodness! You __________ yourself. You __________do that next time.
A. must have hurt; mustn’t
B. should have hurt; can’t
C. may have hurt; mustn’t
D. might have hurt; won’t be able to
6.—It is warm and I am just wearing a T-shirt today.
—But the weather here __________ change.
A. canB. shallC. mustD. should
7. Many poor nations are using up natural resources at a fast rate. __________people be blamed for destroying lots of rainforest if it means a better life for them?
A. WouldB. NeedC. CouldD. Should
8.—The computer costs $900.
—It __________ be that expensive. Anyway, it is a used one.
A. shouldn’tB. mustn’t
C. will notD. needn’t
9. This project __________considered thoroughly, andI’m sure it __________ finished on time.
A. must be; may be
B. should be; can be
C. may be; must be
D. can be; should be
10. Why__________ you live in this small house when you could move into a much larger one?
A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need
11. Mr. Smith is always on time for everything. How __________ it be that he was late for the flight?
A. canB. shouldC. mayD. must
12.—Turn off the TV, Jack. __________your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. Should you be doing
B. Shouldn’t you be doing
C. Couldn’t you be doing
D. Will you be doing
13.—My cat’s really fat.
—You__________ have given her so much food.
A. shouldn’tB. wouldn’t
C. couldn’tD. mustn’t
14.—She looks very happy. She__________ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It is not difficult after all.
A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might
15.—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You __________ it in the wrong place.
A. must putB. should have put
C. might putD. might have put
16.—It’s so cold! Why not close the door?
—Sorry. It __________. I’ll have it repaired soon.
A. won’t shutB. won’t be shut
C. hasn’t shutD. can’t be shut
17.—__________ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?
—Yes, you __________ . The restaurant is always full, especially during the holiday.
A. Must; willB. Must; can
C. Shall; shallD. Shall; must
18. “The house __________ go to the daughter, not the son, according to the will of the father,” declared the judge.
A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. shall
19. We were looking for you all this morning. You __________ office without a word.
A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave
20. The teacher__________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. shallB. canC. wouldD. must
参考答案
一、名词性从句
1—5 CBDBC 6—10 ACBDD 11—15 ADCCD 16—20 CABBB
二、情态动词
1—5 DACBC 6—10 ADABB 11—15 ABACD 16—20 ADDBD
(作者:王祥国,江苏省平潮高级中学)
【真题再现】
1. Many young people in the West are expected to leave__________could be life’s most important decisio
n—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. (2009江苏卷)
A. asB. thatC. whichD. what
【简析】D。what引导名词性从句 (宾语从句),在could be life’s most important decision从句中做主语,且what引导的从句做leave的宾语,
2. The little girl who got lost decided to remain__________she was and wait for her mother. (2009山东卷)
A. whereB. whatC. howD. who
【简析】A。本题考查表语从句。因为女孩迷路,所以是呆在原处等候她的母亲,只有where表示地点。再如:After reading the book, please put the book where it is. 看完书,请放回原处。
3. It is obvious to the students__________they should get well prepared for their future. (2009天津卷)
A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that
【简析】D。这个句子中,it是形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,即引导主语从句,that在从句中不作任何句子成份,但不可省略。类似的结构如:It’s wellknown / said / reported / believed...+ that...。
4.—Is there any possibility__________you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. what
【简析】B。本题考查同位语从句。因为从句中不缺少句子成份,且没有其它疑问的含义,因此用that来连接。另外,通常在information, fact, wish, hope, idea, chance, promise, message, news, demand, request, suggestion, advice等词后,用that来构成同位语从句。
5. It is not immediately clear__________the financial crisis will soon be over. (2009上海卷)
A. sinceB. whatC. whenD. whether
【简析】D。本题考查主语从句的连接词。since不可连接主语从句;主语从句中不缺成份,因此,what也不对;从句中有soon一词,表示时间,不可再选when,如没有soon,when正确。全句意思为:金融危机是否很快结束还不很明朗。再如:I wonder if / whether she will recover soon.不知她是否能很快康复。
6. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of__________he can react more appropriately on such occasions. (2009上海卷)
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how
【简析】D。宾语从句中,不缺少句子成份,因此,what, which不正确;因为作为think of的宾语,是指思考“如何”做某事。
7. At first I hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see__________it got any better. (2009北京卷)
A. whenB. howC. whyD. if
【简析】D。考查名词性从句(宾语从句)。if表示“是否”,即给自己几个月的时间,看看情况是否可以变得好一些。其它选项不合题意。
8. We should consider the students’ request__________the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009重庆卷)
A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where
【简析】A。根据题意可知,本题应该选that。that引导同位语从句,修饰中心名词request。这句话的意思是:我们应该考虑学生的这个要求,即学校图书馆应该提供一些有关大众科学方面的书籍。
9. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________it takes to save her life. (2009湖南卷)
A. whicheverB. however
C. whateverD. whoever
【简析】C。whatever引导的从句作do的宾语,而且whatever在从句中作takes的宾语。whatever在用法上跟what相似,只不过意思不太相同,whatever表示“不管什么”之意,起强调的作用,引导名词性从句或状语从句。另外,no matter what也有“不管什么”之意,但只能引导状语从句。如:No matter what happens, I won’t change my mind.不管发生什么事,我都不会改变自己的主张。
10. The how to book can be of great help to __________wants to do the job. (2009陕西卷)
A. whoB. whomever
C. no matter whoD. whoever
【简析】D。宾语从句中缺少主语,因此用who或whoever,no matter who只能引导让步状语从句,如:No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished severely.不管谁违反法律,他都将收到法律的严惩。who有疑问意思,表示“谁”。如:Who will be elected Chairman of the meeting is still unknown.谁将当选会议的主席还不清楚。在该题中whoever=anyone who,全句意思为:对任何想做那件工作的人,这本操作手册是有很大帮助的。
11. The fact has worried many scientists__________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009江西卷)
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. though
【简析】C。此题考查的是分隔型同位语从句。同位语从句被has worried many scientists所隔开,同位语从句不缺成份,用that来连接,对the fact进行解释说明。
12. News came from the school office__________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. (2009四川卷)
A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where
【简析】C。本题考查的是分隔型同位语从句。同位语从句被came from the school office所隔开,同位语从句不缺成份,用that来连接,对news进行解释说明。
13. A good friend of mine from __________I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. (2009安徽卷)
A. howB. whomC. whenD. which
【简析】C。本题考查的是名词性从句,而不是定语从句。由句子结构可知,from引导的句子不是定语从句,因为句子的主语是人,与be born from讲不通,因此from后面的句子是when引导的宾语从句,表示时间。句意是我的一个从小玩到大的好朋友,就在我准备去北京时来到我家。
14. Can I speak to__________is in charge of International Sales please? (2009全国卷I)
A. whoB. whatC. whoeverD. whatever
【简析】C。本题考查宾语从句的连接词。由句意可知,宾语从句缺主语且是人作主语,这样就排除了B和D,因为what和whatever不可以表示人;who和whoever均可以表示人且作主语,who有疑问意思,还必须可以作为to的宾语,因此只能选C,whoever相当于anyone who。
巩固操练
1. The researchers who study jokes want to know __________people from different nations and cultures find funny.
A. whyB. thatC. whatD. whether
2. The time is not far away __________the information will be made known __________more workers will be trained for their jobs.
A. until; whichB. when; that
C. before; thatD. as; which
3. The only problem is__________we kept getting lost! But London people are very kind and helpful.
A. whyB. whetherC. howD. that
4. __________is known to us all is that the old scientist, for__________life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.
A. As; whomB. What; whom
C. Which; whoseD. It; whose
5. Many experts hold the view __________reducing the burden of students and teachers is__________the key to better education lies.
A. which; whereB. which; in which
C. that; whereD. that; in which
6. Another factory has been built near __________used to be a village.
A. WhatB. thatC. whereD. which
7. This kind of fish has eyes, a mouth and__________seems to be a nose.
A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it
8. __________his dream of travelling to the Forbidden City will come true is uncertain.
A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Even if
9. __________has helped to save the drowning old man is worthy of being praised.
A. WhoB. Anyone
C. Those whoD. Whoever
10. __________we cannot figure out is__________quite a few insects, birds and animals are dying out.
A. That; whatB. What; because
C. Why; thatD. What; why
11. The policy of the mainland is very clear and straightforward, and the key problem is__________the leaders of Taiwan will accept it.
A. whetherB. thatC. howD. why
12. He always thinks __________he can do more for the people and society.
A. of ifB. whatC. howD. of how
13. Have you got the message I left with your colleague__________you’ll have to attend a meeting tomorrow afternoon?
A. in whichB. with whom
C. thatD. which
14. Some people are born with the belief __________hey are masters of their own while others feel__________they are at the mercy of others.
A. what; thatB. that; what
C. that; /D. /; that
15. Mr. Jackson has not yet answered my question__________I can go with him to __________the natives call the Gold Triangle next week.
A. that; whichB. that; where
C. whether; thatD. whether; what
16. The two areas are similar __________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. except thatB. in which
C. in thatD. so that
17. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make__________it is.
A. what B. whichC. howD. where
18. It is none of your business __________ other people think about you. Believe in yourself.
A. howB. whatC. whichD. when
19. Having checked the doors were closed, and __________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A. whyB. thatC. whenD. where
20. You can only be sure of __________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something __________in the future.
A. that; whatB. what; /
C. which; thatD. /; that
二、情态动词
【真题再现】
1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There __________ be twelve. (2009全国卷I)
A. shouldB. wouldC. willD. shall
【简析】A。由句意可知:仅有十张票,你什么意思?按理应该十二张。should有“理应”之意,如:Today is Sunday, and he should be at home.今天星期天,他按理应该在家。would, will, shall并无此用法。
2. I can’t leave. She told me that I __________ stay here until she comes back. (2009全国卷II)
A. canB. mustC. willD. may
【简析】B。can表示能力、可能、许可;must表示必须、一定、准是;will表示意愿;may表示许可、可能、也许。由第一句的I can’t leave可知,她告诉我“必须”呆在这儿,直到她回来。
3. This printer is of good quality. If it__________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009天津卷)
A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might
【简析】D。本题考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。根据时间状语within the first year可知,这里表示与将来的可能性相反的假设,因此从句的谓语部分由“should+动词原形”构成。全句意思为:如果我们的打印机一年内出现故障,我们将免费替你维修。
4. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he __________ it differently. (2009江苏卷)
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
【简析】C。本题考查了情态动词和虚拟语气的用法。could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事 (实际上并没做)”。意思为:他不后悔说他所做的事,只不过觉得本可以用不同的方法来表达。
5. The traffic is heavy these days, I __________arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009辽宁卷)
A. canB. mustC. needD. might
【简析】D。might在这里表示推测,意思是“或许,可能”,即由于交通拥挤,我可能会迟到会儿,帮我占个位置好吗?其它几个词不合题意。再如:There might be a football match on TV this evening, but I’m not sure.今晚可能有场足球赛,我说不准。
6. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they__________just be quiet people. (2009安徽卷)
A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. would
【简析】B。由前一句中的not necessarily“并不一定”可知,表示推测的情态动词只有may表示“可能”,与not necessarily相对应。另外,我们还有may/might as well的结构+动词原形。
7. But for the help of my English teacher, I __________the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009福建卷)
A. would not winB. would not have won
C. would winD. would have won
【简析】B。本题考查情态动词与虚拟语气。根据题干可知,本题虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反,因此主句谓语动词部分用would / should / could / might +have done结构。另外,but for表示“要不是”之意,全句意为:要不是我英语老师的帮助,我是不会获得英语写作比赛一等奖的。
8. The doctor recommended that you __________swim after eating a large meal. (2009浙江卷)
A. wouldn’tB. couldn’t
C. needn’tD. shouldn’t
【简析】D。recommend表示“建议”之意。后面的宾语从句中谓语动词前用should,也可省略should,但保持动词原形。这样动词还有 (一个坚持) insist,(两个命令) order, command, (三个要求) require, request demand, (四个建议) urge, advise, suggest, propose,
9. It __________have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.(2009上海卷)
A. mayB. canC. mustD. should
【简析】C。由后句的内容可知,只有Tom 一人有车,准是Tom把车停在这儿了。must have done sth.“一定做某事了 (对过去的肯定推测)”。如:Where is Tom? He must be watching TV upstairs. Tom在哪儿?他肯定是在楼上看电视。
10.—I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you__________. (2009四川卷)
A. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might
【简析】C。could表示 (过去) 能够;would表示 (过去) 愿意;should表示应该;might表示 (过去) 可能。全句意思为:—我不在乎别人怎么想。哟,你应该在乎。故should正确。
11. One of the few things you __________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. (2009北京卷)
A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can
【简析】D。can表示“能够”之意。关于英国人你能够确有把握说的几件事之一就是他们喜欢谈论天气。如:I’m sure I can finish the task on time.我确信我能够按时完成任务。
12.—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
—She __________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (2009重庆卷)
A. shall beB. should have been
C. must beD. might have been
【简析】C。根据答语中的I saw her there just now可知,回答者说话的语气应该是比较肯定的,因为刚刚在教室看到Tom了。在加上问句用的是一般现在时,指现在。由此可知C项正确…must be in the classroom的意思是“一定在教室里”。
13.—It’s the office! So you__________know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry. (2009湖南卷)
A. mustB. willC. mayD. need
【简析】A。must在这里表示肯定推测,意思是“一定”。根据题意可知,这句话的意思是:这里是办公室,你一定知道这里不许吃东西。其它选项不合语境。
14. But for their help, we __________ the program in time. (2009安徽卷)
A. can not helpB. will not finish
C. had finishedD. could not have finished
【简析】D。本题考查情态动词和虚拟语气。But for“要不是”,主句中用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其构成为would / could / might / should (not) + have done。全句意思为:要不是你的帮助,我们不可能按时完成这个项目(事实已完成)。
巩固操练
1.—Excuse me, may I smoke in this meeting room?
—If you __________ , choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. shouldB. couldC. mayD. must
2. Those who need tickets, please search our website to order, or the regular ticketing agents __________be able to sell you.
A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could
3. If the first few sentences of your application letter fail to win the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter __________not be read at all.
A. mustB. shallC. mayD. can
4. A mature individual is one who can see a problem from all sides. In fact, those who cannot or not apologize are not truly mature people.
A. mayB. willC. mustD. could
5.—Mummy, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.
—My goodness! You __________ yourself. You __________do that next time.
A. must have hurt; mustn’t
B. should have hurt; can’t
C. may have hurt; mustn’t
D. might have hurt; won’t be able to
6.—It is warm and I am just wearing a T-shirt today.
—But the weather here __________ change.
A. canB. shallC. mustD. should
7. Many poor nations are using up natural resources at a fast rate. __________people be blamed for destroying lots of rainforest if it means a better life for them?
A. WouldB. NeedC. CouldD. Should
8.—The computer costs $900.
—It __________ be that expensive. Anyway, it is a used one.
A. shouldn’tB. mustn’t
C. will notD. needn’t
9. This project __________considered thoroughly, andI’m sure it __________ finished on time.
A. must be; may be
B. should be; can be
C. may be; must be
D. can be; should be
10. Why__________ you live in this small house when you could move into a much larger one?
A. canB. mustC. shouldD. need
11. Mr. Smith is always on time for everything. How __________ it be that he was late for the flight?
A. canB. shouldC. mayD. must
12.—Turn off the TV, Jack. __________your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. Should you be doing
B. Shouldn’t you be doing
C. Couldn’t you be doing
D. Will you be doing
13.—My cat’s really fat.
—You__________ have given her so much food.
A. shouldn’tB. wouldn’t
C. couldn’tD. mustn’t
14.—She looks very happy. She__________ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It is not difficult after all.
A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might
15.—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You __________ it in the wrong place.
A. must putB. should have put
C. might putD. might have put
16.—It’s so cold! Why not close the door?
—Sorry. It __________. I’ll have it repaired soon.
A. won’t shutB. won’t be shut
C. hasn’t shutD. can’t be shut
17.—__________ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?
—Yes, you __________ . The restaurant is always full, especially during the holiday.
A. Must; willB. Must; can
C. Shall; shallD. Shall; must
18. “The house __________ go to the daughter, not the son, according to the will of the father,” declared the judge.
A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. shall
19. We were looking for you all this morning. You __________ office without a word.
A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave
20. The teacher__________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. shallB. canC. wouldD. must
参考答案
一、名词性从句
1—5 CBDBC 6—10 ACBDD 11—15 ADCCD 16—20 CABBB
二、情态动词
1—5 DACBC 6—10 ADABB 11—15 ABACD 16—20 ADDBD
(作者:王祥国,江苏省平潮高级中学)