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目的了解山东省输入性疟疾病例流行病学特征。方法对山东省2007年1月～2012年12月的126例输入性疟疾住院病例进行描述性流行病学调查分析。结果山东省近几年输入性疟疾住院病例逐年增加;126例疟疾病例中118例来自非洲国家,占93.65%,其中恶性疟116例,占92.06%,;间日疟8例,占6.35%,卵形疟2例,占1.59%;恶性疟主要来自非洲,2例来自大洋洲巴布亚新几内亚。8例间日疟6例来自东南亚,1例来自大洋洲巴布亚新几内亚,1例来自非洲苏丹。2例卵形疟均来自赤道几内亚;男性124例,占98.41%;年龄分布以青壮年为主,占98.41%;职业农民工及技术工人、司机从事野外工作的119例,占94.44%;地区分布以鲁西南地区最多。发病至就诊平均时间(10±7)d;住院前误诊率34.9%。结论山东省输入性恶性疟发病人数逐年增多,且感染疟原虫虫种呈多样性,主要是恶性疟和间日疟,第一次发现卵形疟2例;误诊率高于其他疾病。为如期实现山东省消除疟疾目标,仍需加强对基层医疗机构、疾病预防控制机构相关人员及出入境管理部门疟疾防治知识培训,加强对劳务输出人员健康教育和回国人员的检测管理。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Shandong Province. Methods A descriptive epidemiological investigation of 126 cases of imported malaria in Shandong Province from January 2007 to December 2012 was conducted. Results In Shandong Province, the incidence of imported malaria cases increased year by year in recent years. Among 126 cases of malaria, 118 cases came from African countries, accounting for 93.65%, of which 116 cases were Plasmodium falciparum (92.06%), 8 cases were Vivax malaria (6.35%), 2 cases of oval-shaped malaria, accounting for 1.59%; falciparum malaria mainly from Africa, 2 cases from Oceania, Papua New Guinea. Six of eight malaria cases were from Southeast Asia, one from Papua New Guinea, Oceania, and one from Sudan, Africa. 2 cases of oval-shaped malaria were from Equatorial Guinea; 124 cases were male, accounting for 98.41%; the age distribution was mainly young and middle-aged, accounting for 98.41%; 119 cases of professional migrant workers and skilled workers and drivers working in the field, accounting for 94.44% Distribution to the most Southwest region. The average time from onset to treatment was (10 ± 7) days. The rate of misdiagnosis before hospitalization was 34.9%. Conclusion The incidence of imported falciparum malaria in Shandong Province has been increasing year by year. The diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates is mainly falciparum malaria and Plasmodium vivax, and the first case of oval malaria was found in 2 cases. The misdiagnosis rate was higher than other diseases. In order to achieve the goal of eliminating malaria in Shandong Province on schedule, it is still necessary to strengthen the knowledge of malaria prevention and treatment of grass-roots medical institutions, relevant personnel of disease prevention and control institutions and exit-entry management departments, and strengthen the examination and administration of health education for returned workers and returned personnel.