论文部分内容阅读
基于新制度经济学的理论框架,从制度的四个层面对造成我国畜禽养殖污染的成因进行剖析:人口增长与化学技术的进步,使种养结合与粮畜并举的养殖传统被逐步侵蚀、瓦解;畜禽养殖业污染防治与环境管理的制度缺失诱使养殖污染日益扩大;组织化程度偏低和种养分离、农牧脱节的趋势不利于养殖污染的防治;劳动力稀缺与养殖户有限理性造成了化学物品的过度使用和污染物的随意排放。发展生态养殖既是国家宏观战略的外生压力,也是畜禽养殖业自身可持续发展的内生需求。在面临人口持续增长、畜禽养殖规模不断扩大、畜禽养殖污染防治工作严重滞后的压力下,畜禽养殖污染的防治应当在技术扩散、政策调整、资金投入等方面做出努力。
Based on the theoretical framework of New Institutional Economics, this paper analyzes the causes of pollution of livestock and poultry breeding from four aspects of the system: the population growth and the progress of chemical technology make the breeding tradition of combining farming and raising with grain and livestock gradually eroded, Collapse; livestock and poultry breeding pollution control and environmental management system to induce a growing shortage of breeding pollution; low degree of organization and separation of farming and stocking, agro-pastoral trend is not conducive to the prevention and control of aquaculture pollution; labor scarcity and limited rationality of farmers Resulting in excessive use of chemicals and free discharge of pollutants. The development of ecological farming is not only the exogenous pressure of the national macroeconomic strategy but also the endogenous demand for the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding industry. Faced with the continuous population growth, the continuous expansion of the scale of livestock breeding and the severe lag of livestock and poultry breeding pollution prevention and control, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution should make efforts in aspects of technology diffusion, policy adjustment and capital investment.