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我们用导线把两个带异种电荷的导体连接后,将会发生正、负电荷的中和现象,若两导体所带正、负电荷的绝对值相等时,中和后它们都不带电,谓之完全中和。在物理教学中我们发现,有些教师解释中和现象时好用正负电荷相互吸引的直观之说而不喜欢用电势差引起电荷定向移动的本质之解。这样容易给学生造成两个错觉:
When we connect two conductors with different charges by wires, neutralization of positive and negative charges will occur. If the absolute values of positive and negative charges carried by the two conductors are equal, they will not be charged after neutralization. It is completely neutral. In physics teaching, we found that some teachers use the intuitive theory that the positive and negative charges attract each other when explaining the neutralization phenomenon, but do not like to use the electric potential difference to cause the solution of the charge-oriented movement. This easily creates two illusions for students: