有机化学教学中,几个重要而有实际意义的反应如石油的裂化、煤的干馏、乙醇或其它醇类的催化脱水或脱氢等,常因受到种种条件的限制而不能在课堂上演示。原因是这些实验的一般做法存在着以下一些问题: 首先是设备和安装比较复杂。这类反应通常是在高温和隔绝空气的条件下进行。实验时将催化剂等放入陶瓷管、铁管或硬质玻璃管里,当反应管受热到一定温度后,从管子的一端通入反应气体或滴入反应液,产物收集在管子另一端的接受器里。对于一般的教师来说,准备好这样一套装置是不大容易的。其次是给这套装置加热比较困难。由于是演示实验,强热反应管时当然不宜使用不利于直接观察,学生又不曾接触过的管式炉或其它电加热器。如果用酒 In organic chemistry teaching, several important but meaningful reactions such as the cracking of petroleum, the retorting of coal, the catalytic dehydration or dehydrogenation of ethanol or other alcohols, etc., can often not be demonstrated in the classroom due to various conditions. The reason is that the general practice of these experiments has the following problems: First, the equipment and installation are more complicated. This type of reaction is usually carried out at high temperatures and isolated from air. In the experiment, the catalyst is put into a ceramic tube, an iron tube or a hard glass tube. When the reaction tube is heated to a certain temperature, the reaction gas is introduced from one end of the tube or dropped into the reaction liquid, and the product is collected on the other end of the tube to be accepted. Device. For the average teacher, it is not easy to prepare such a device. The second is to heat the device more difficult. Since it is a demonstration experiment, it is of course not advisable to use tube furnaces or other electric heaters that are not conducive to direct observation and that students have never contacted with a strong thermal reaction tube. If you use wine