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本文通过对美国联邦最高法院著名案例“道恩斯诉比得维尔”的分析,考察美国国家结构及宪法中的共和国传统和帝国传统。作者认为,美国是共和国与帝国的复合结构,在本土体现为以契约论为基础、边界清晰、结构相对稳定的宪政共和国;在本土以外体现为边界不清、易受历史情势影响、游离于《美利坚合众国宪法》之外的帝国。共和国是美国的核心,而帝国在不伤害共和国的前提下,为美国提供更多的发展可能性。这种独特的国家结构是由独立战争、联邦宪法、西进运动、独立战争、美西战争,以及20世纪初的“海岛案”判例造就的,并在“道恩斯诉比得维尔”一案中,较为充分地展现了出来。对该案进行细致分析,不仅可以加深对美国宪法及美国国家结构的认识,还能够更深入地理解政治理论、宪政制度,以及历史和地理因素在国家建构过程中的互动。
This essay examines the Republican traditions and imperial traditions in the United States’ national structure and constitution by analyzing the famous case of the Supreme Court of the United States “Dawn v. Bidewell ”. The author believes that the United States is the compound structure of republic and empire, which is embodied in the local community as a constitutional republic with a clear boundary and relatively stable structure based on the contractual theory. In the outside world, the United States is characterized by unclear boundaries, susceptible to historical situations, Empire outside the Constitution of the United States of America. The republic is at the heart of the United States, and the empire offers the United States more possibilities of development without harming the republic. This unique national structure was created by the jurisprudence of the War of Independence, the Federal Constitution, the Westward Movements, the War of Independence, the American-Spanish War, and the early 20th century, and “ Weir ”case, more fully demonstrated. A careful analysis of the case can not only deepen our understanding of the U.S. constitution and the U.S. state structure, but also provide a more in-depth understanding of political theory, the constitutional system and the interaction of historical and geographical elements in the process of nation-building.