光柵的衍射現象是一個比較復雜的问题。这個問題的講述,不僅是在中學、就是在大學都要遭遇到相當的困難。教材的內容繁、授課的時間短,是發生困難的主要原因。所以同學們学完以後,還經常感覺到許多的問題未能解决。本文特依據一般光学書籍上的材料加以整理,以備希望作進一步学習的同志們參考。根據我個人的、很不成熟的教學經驗,認为在講述干涉和衍射前,有幾個基本的物理概念(例如光程差和相干光源等)必須先使同學們徹底瞭解,因此本文的第一段就對於這些概念作一番较为深入的说明;干涉和狭糢的衍射是光柵衍射的基礎,所以在二、三兩段分别作了一個簡单的介紹;光栅方程和光柵衍射條紋的强度公式是光栅衍射现象的兩個主要問題,本文所討论的對象也只限於這兩方面,將在第四段内解 The phenomenon of diffraction grating is a more complicated issue. The story of this issue is not only encountered in secondary schools, but also in universities. The content of teaching materials, teaching time is short, is the main reason for the difficulties. So after classmates finished, often feel many problems can not be solved. This article is based on the general optical books to organize the materials to prepare for hope for further study comrades for reference. According to my personal and immature teaching experience, I think there are several basic physical concepts (such as optical path difference and coherent light source, etc.) that must be thoroughly understood before talking about interference and diffraction. Therefore, A section of these concepts for a more in-depth description; interference and diffraction of the diffraction grating is the basis of diffraction, so in two, three two paragraphs were made a brief introduction; grating equation and diffraction grating diffraction intensity The formula is the two main problems of grating diffraction phenomena. The objects discussed in this article are only limited to these two aspects, and will be solved in the fourth paragraph