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孟子关于人性(性)辩论的背景已经成为学术所关注的意义重大的课题,因为它有助于说明孟子的核心观点“人性善”。对这一背景的研究至少需要考虑如下一些问题:在孟子参与辩论以前,已经提出了多少种人性观点?在什么程度上它们类似于或不同于孟子的人性观念?这些观点中的哪一种呈现出对他的最大挑战,为什么?并非所有这些问题在相关文献中都得到了令人满意的解答,尽管已经有了十分重要的贡献。比如说,由于葛瑞汉(G.C.Graham)和华霭仁(Irene Bloom)的出色工作,关注的重点已经被吸引到孟子全力对付杨朱学派、墨家、法家以及具有法家倾向的统治者这样的事实上。①然而,对理
The background of Mencius debate on human nature has become a significant topic of academic concern because it helps to illustrate Mencius’s core view of “human nature ”. At a minimum, the research on this background needs to consider the following questions: How many human views have Mentioned before Mencius participating in the debate and to what extent have they been similar to or different from Mencius’s notions of human nature? Which of these views Showing the greatest challenge to him and why? Not all of these issues have been satisfactorily answered in the relevant literature, albeit with a very significant contribution. For example, due to the excellent work of GC Graham and Irene Bloom, the focus of attention has been drawn to the fact that Mencius struggled fully against the Yang Chu school, the Mohism, the Legalists, and the rulers of the legalist tendencies on. However, right