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中国对外贸易的迅猛发展同贸易自由化改革密不可分,而贸易自由化对出口贸易的影响通过微观出口企业来实现。运用2001—2007年制造业企业微观数据和细分行业层面关税数据,实证分析中国加入WTO以来的关税减让对企业出口强度的影响,结果表明:关税减让对企业出口强度具有正向影响,但显著性不强;关税减让对外资企业的影响高于本土企业,对劳动密集型企业的影响高于资本密集型企业,对一般贸易企业的影响高于加工贸易企业。这些结论为加入WTO以来中国出口贸易快速增长,特别是集约边际的演化提供了微观解释。
The rapid development of China’s foreign trade is inextricably linked with the reform of trade liberalization, while the impact of trade liberalization on export trade is realized through micro-export enterprises. Empirical analysis of the impact of the tariff concession on the export intensity of enterprises since China joined the WTO shows that the tariff concessions have a positive impact on the export intensity of the enterprises by using the micro-data of manufacturing enterprises from 2001-2007 and the industry-level tariff data. But the significance is not strong. The impact of tariff concessions on foreign-funded enterprises is higher than that of local enterprises, and the impact on labor-intensive enterprises is higher than that of capital-intensive ones. The impact on tariffs on general trade enterprises is higher than that of processing trade enterprises. These conclusions provide a micro-explanation for the rapid growth of China’s export trade since the accession to the WTO, especially the evolution of the intensive marginalization.