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目的:通过对遵义县燃煤型地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)综合防治前后8~12岁儿童氟斑牙流行变化分析,初步评估综合防治措施的效果。方法:于2010年,按照整群随机抽样方法,在遵义县抽取1/5的乡镇,在抽取的乡镇中抽取1/5的村作为调查点,用Dean法对抽中村全体在校8~12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,并与1986年、2000年的历史病情进行纵向比较。结果:8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为23.76%(202/850),与综合防治前(2000年)[34.20%(7805/22821)]比较差异有统计学意义(x2值为37.81,P<0.01);2000年8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率与1986年[34.29%(9463/27596)]比较差异无统计学意义(x2值为0.045,P>0.05);8、9、10、11、12岁年龄组儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为20.25%(16/79)、21.60%(27/125)、22.89%(46/201)、23.26%(50/215)、27.39%(63/230),组间比较差异无统计学意义(x2=2.65,P>0.05)。结论:病区综合防治效果明显,8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率已降至病区控制标准30%之下。
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological changes of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 years before and after comprehensive prevention and treatment of coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Zunyi County. Methods: In 2010, according to a cluster random sampling method, 1/5 villages and townships were sampled in Zunyi County and 1/5 villages were selected as the investigation points. Dean's method was used to test all the students in Chukam Village Year-old children were examined by dental fluorosis, and compared with the historical condition of 1986 and 2000 respectively. Results: The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 was 23.76% (202/850), which was significantly different from that before comprehensive control (34.20% (7805/22821)] (the value of x2 was 37.81 , P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of dental fluorosis between 8 ~ 12 years old in 2000 and [34.29% (9463/27596)] in 1986 (x2 = 0.045, P> 0.05) The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 9, 10, 11 and 12 were 20.25% (16/79), 21.60% (27/125), 22.89% (46/201) and 23.26% (50/215) , 27.39% (63/230) respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 2.65, P> 0.05). Conclusion: The comprehensive prevention and treatment of wards has obvious effect. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 ~ 12 has dropped to below 30% of the control standard of ward.