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黑城位于内蒙古阿拉善盟额济纳旗境内,蒙古语称哈拉浩特,是西夏黑水城和元代亦集乃路遗址。14世纪40年代,由于战争与附近河水改道,遂人迁沙侵,化作荒漠。现在年降雨量15毫米以下,而蒸发量却达300O毫米。夏季最高气温45℃,冬季低至-20℃。常年刮西北风,草木不生。故黑城文献历500年而未尽腐。 1908、1909年,俄国科兹洛夫考察队在这里盗发文物。1914年英籍匈牙利人斯坦因再盗。黑城文献今藏俄、英两国甚多。1927年,瑞典斯文赫定与北京大学教务长徐炳昶教授组织中瑞西北科学考察团,也曾在此发现文书,藏中国科学院。 1983、1984年,内蒙古考古队两次在黑城发掘房基280余处,总面积11000平米,获得文献3000件。其中汉文2200件（包括印刷品760件）,其他文种依次为西夏文、畏兀儿蒙古文、八思巴文、藏文、亦思替非文、古阿拉伯文。汉文资料经李逸友先生整理研究,1991年由科学出版社印行,名曰《黑城出土文书（汉文卷）》。 1987年春,笔者目睹了这批文献,兹视李书所未逮,聊缀札文,以记元代文化之一斑。
Black City is located in Inner Mongolia Alxa League Ejin Banner territory, Mongolian said Halahot, is the Xixia Heishui City and the Yuan Dynasty is also the site of Jai Nai. In the 1440s, due to the war and the diversion of water in the vicinity, people moved into the desert and turned into deserts. Now annual rainfall below 15 mm, while the evaporation has reached 300O mm. Summer maximum temperature 45 ℃, winter as low as -20 ℃. Perennial northwest wind, vegetation is not born. Therefore, the black city literature calendar 500 years without doing rot. 1908, 1909, the Russian Kozlov investigation team stolen artifacts here. 1913 British Hungarian Stein re-steal. Black City literature now possession of Russia, Britain and many other countries. In 1927, Sweden’s Svenheding and Peking University Dean Xu Bingchang organized a scientific delegation of Northwest China and Sweden, also found instruments here, possession of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1983 and 1984, the Inner Mongolia archeology team twice excavated over 280 housing sites in Black City with a total area of 11,000 square meters and obtained 3,000 documents. Among them, there are 2200 Chinese (including 760 prints) and the other languages are Xixiawen, Weiwu Mongolian, Baiba Baven, Tibetan, Estephan, ancient Arabic. Chinese data by Mr. Li Yiyou finishing research, 1991 by the Science Press, known as “black city unearthed documents (Chinese volume).” The spring of 1987, I witnessed these documents, I did not think of Li Shu arrest, chatting with Sapporo, in order to remember the era of culture, one spot.