本文试从现代日本社会科学史脉络来看现代日本社会学主要流派的地位,并分析现代社会学理论的基本状况。立论的前提有四:(一)把如何才能(即依靠什么理论)全面掌握现代日本社会的动态作为观察问题的基本观点,从这个观点出发对各种理论进行评价。(二)把马克思主义和近代主义的根本对立,也就是方法论的对立的各种表现,作为考察的对象。(三)把三十年代马克思主义的《社会学批判》 This article tries to look at the status of the major schools of modern Japanese sociology from the vein of modern Japanese social science and analyzes the basic conditions of modern sociological theory. The preconditions of the argument are as follows: (1) To make a comprehensive grasp of the dynamics of the modern Japanese society as the basic point of view for observing the issue, and evaluate the various theories from this point of view. (2) Take the various manifestations of the fundamental opposition between Marxism and modernism, that is, the opposition of methodology, as the object of study. (Three) the thirty-year Marxist “Critique of Sociology”