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新制度经济学中关于企业性质的流行观点是企业产生于要素市场对中间产品市场的替代,但是这种“替代”的观点解释不了现实中企业、要素市场、中间产品市场互相促进、共同扩大这一状况。本文引入了“要素禀赋不对称”这一概念,在个体生产者处于要素禀赋不对称状态中时,即使不存在中间产品市场或中间产品市场的交易费用低于要素市场的交易费用的情况,企业也必然产生。出于同样的原因,作为要素市场交易结果的企业能够促进中间产品市场的迅速发展。要素市场与中间产品市场之间的共同发展是常态,而“替代”只能是支流。
The popular view about the nature of a firm in the new institutional economics is that the firm produces substitution in the factor market for the intermediate product market, but this “alternative” view does not explain the fact that the reality of the enterprise, the factor market and the intermediate product market are mutually reinforcing A condition. This paper introduces the concept of “factor endowment asymmetry”. When the individual producer is in the asymmetric state of factor endowment, even if there is no transaction cost of the intermediate product market or the intermediate product market lower than the transaction cost of the factor market, the enterprise Also inevitable. By the same token, firms that are the result of the market for essential factors can promote the rapid growth of the intermediate product market. The common development between the factor market and the intermediate product market is the norm, and “substitution” can only be a tributary.