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本文将管制视为管制者与被管制企业之间的合约关系。在回顾了现代管制发展的阶段以及管制面临的主要问题的基础上 ,讨论了管制失灵产生的根源。认为 ,管制失灵的根源在于两个方面 :其一 ,由于激励性扭曲导致的制度设计的失效 ,产生激励性扭曲的原因在于信息租金、资产专用性等等内生或者外生的因素 ;其二 ,由于制度设计与制度环境不相容导致的资源误置 ,其原因在于不同的制度环境会对不同的制度设计产生激励或者阻力。作者对解决管制失灵的方式提出了见解。强调多种治理方式的存在是实现自然垄断产业效率的重要条件 ,它有利于被管制企业显示激励 ;进一步改善制度环境 ,“管制管制者”。
This article considers regulation as the contractual relationship between the regulator and the regulated firm. Based on the review of the stage of the development of modern regulation and the main problems of regulation, the root causes of the failure of regulation are discussed. In our opinion, the root causes of regulatory failures lie in two aspects. First, the incentive distortions due to the failure of institutional design caused by incentive distortions are due to endogenous or exogenous factors such as information rent and asset specificity. The reason for the misplaced resources due to the incompatibility between system design and institutional environment is that different institutional environments can create incentives or resistances to different system designs. The author gives his opinion on how to solve the problem of regulatory failure. Emphasizing that the existence of multiple modes of governance is an important condition for realizing the efficiency of the natural monopoly industries, it is conducive to displaying incentives for the regulated enterprises, and further improving the institutional environment and “controlling the regulator.”