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正常人排便的生理过程包括:粪便向直肠推进刺激直肠壁引起排便反向,即产生便意,并通过复杂的反向使粪便排出。这个过程受到大脑皮质和腰骶内低级中枢的调节,使直肠收缩,肛门括约肌松弛,腹肌及隔肌收缩,腹压增高,直肠、肛门的腺体分泌黏液,促进顺利排便。在正常排便过程中的任何一个环节发生障碍都可能会引起便秘。老年人由于各种机能的减退,疾病多发,易发生便秘。便秘给老年人的身心带来很多痛苦,同时还可诱发其他疾病如肠梗阻、脑血管意外等。据某地城乡老年人便秘状况的调查结果显示,60岁以上便秘患者高达11.5%。所以,对于老年人便秘的防治显得十分重要。由于便秘的病因较多,本文主要对老年人功能性便秘的预防与治疗进行以下方面的探讨。
Physiological processes of defecation in normal people include: excrement to the rectum to stimulate the rectal wall to cause defecation reverse, that is, the meaning, and excretion through complex reverse. This process by the cerebral cortex and the lower lumbosacral center of regulation, the rectum contraction, anal sphincter relaxation, abdominal muscle and diaphragm contraction, abdominal pressure increased, the rectum, anal glands secrete mucus and promote smooth bowel movement. Any disorder in normal bowel movement can cause constipation. Elderly due to the decline of various functions, multiple diseases, prone to constipation. Constipation brings a lot of suffering to the elderly, but also can induce other diseases such as intestinal obstruction, cerebrovascular accident and the like. According to a survey of constipation in urban and rural elderly, the number of constipation patients over the age of 60 was as high as 11.5%. Therefore, prevention and treatment of constipation for the elderly is very important. As the cause of constipation more, this article mainly on the prevention and treatment of functional constipation in the elderly the following aspects.