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全日制部编高中化学课本第二册,谈到苯的硝化反应时,其反应方程式如下:本文拟从苯的硝化反应条件、历程、应用等方面作些粗浅的探讨,不妥之处,祈请批评指正。一、苯的硝化反应条件的控制: 苯的硝化反应条件是要控制水浴温度为60℃,如何控制好温度是做好此实验的关键。温度低,反应进行缓慢;温度高,苯可能挥发,或者进一步硝化产生付反应。因此苯的硝化反应实际操作中不能将配好的混酸(V_(浓H2SO4):V_(浓HNO3)=2∶1.5,可将浓HNO_3分数次加入浓H_2SO_4中,振荡均匀)倒入苯中,而应将苯滴加于混酸之中。防止硝化反应不完全或付产品过多的现象。
The full-time department edited the second high school chemistry textbook. When it comes to the nitration reaction of benzene, the reaction equation is as follows: This article intends to make some in-depth discussion of the nitration reaction conditions, history, and applications of benzene. Please criticize and correct me. First, the benzene nitration reaction conditions control: Benzene nitration reaction conditions is to control the water bath temperature of 60 °C, how to control the temperature is the key to doing this experiment. At low temperatures, the reaction proceeds slowly; at high temperatures, benzene may evaporate, or further nitration may produce a side reaction. Therefore, in the actual operation of benzene nitration, the mixed acid (V_(conc. H2SO4):V_(concentrated HNO3)=2:1.5) cannot be used in the actual operation of nitration of benzene, and the concentrated HNO_3 can be added into conc. H_2SO_4 fractionally, and then uniformly poured into benzene. Benzene should be added dropwise to the mixed acid. To prevent incomplete nitrification or to pay for products too much.