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1919年美国化学家欧文·朗缪尔在事实基础上总结出一条经验规律:“具有相同电子数和相同原子数(H、He、Li除外)的分子(或离子)它们的电子结构(式)和原于的几何排布都相似。”这就叫等电子原理。例如,N_2O和CO_2虽然在组成上彼此不同,而结构上和某些性质却很相似,两者的质子数7×2+8×1=6×1+8×2都是22,电子数也是22,两者物理性质如下:
In 1919, the American chemist Irwin Langmuer summed up a rule of thumb based on the facts: “The electronic structures (molecules) of molecules (or ions) with the same electron number and the same atomic number (excluding H, He, and Li). It is similar to the original geometric arrangement.” This is called the principle of equal electronic. For example, although N 2 O and CO 2 are different in composition from each other, and their structures and properties are similar, the number of protons 7×2+8×1=6×1+8×2 is both 22, and the number of electrons is also 22. The physical properties of the two are as follows: