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20世纪乡土小说不仅折射出乡村的百年巨变,也反映出创作主体身份的迷失与回归。二三十年代乡土小说是精英分子在启蒙和革命双重视域下对生命的哲学思考和现实发现,因而乡村是悲剧性的。解放区和十七年乡土小说是主体身份丧失后,对乡村变革和乡村现实的无批判认同,具有崇高之美。新时期以来,主体身份在艰难回归中表现出迷茫和矛盾,在反思和寻找民族之“根”时表现出批判和选择的困境,乡村现实与历史形成紧张关系,呈现出荒诞意味。历史告诉我们,只有创作主体的充分自由,才能维护小说审美愉悦的独立身份,从而更好发挥其生活导引、价值评判的社会作用。
The 20th century local novels not only reflects the centuries-old tremendous changes in the countryside, but also reflects the loss and return of the creator’s identity. The native novels of the 1920s and 1930s are the philosophical reflections and the real discoveries of the elites on life under the dual perspective of enlightenment and revolution. Therefore, the rural areas are tragic. Liberated areas and 17 years of local novels after the loss of the identity of the main body of the rural reform and rural reality without approval, with lofty beauty. Since the new period, the identity of subjects has shown confusion and contradiction in the difficult regression. Reflecting and finding the predicament of choice and criticism in reconsidering and searching for the “root” of the nation, the rural reality has formed a tense relationship with history, showing a ridiculous meaning. History tells us that only the full freedom of the creative subject can maintain the independent identity of the aesthetic pleasure of the novel, so as to give better play to the social role of life guidance and value judgment.