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民俗学作为一门学科,起始于十九世纪中期的英国。1846年英国民俗学家威廉·汤姆斯在《雅典娜的圣殿》杂志上首先使用“民俗（Folk-lore）”一词,提出用“Folk-lore”作为研究下层民间文化的学科的名称,其研究的范围以庶民古俗和庶民文学为主,具体包括旧时风俗、庆典仪式、迷信、歌谣、谚语等,“民俗学研究传承下来的,主要是有一定演进及轨迹及地域分布的下层文化”,①由此拉开民俗学研究的序幕。我国的民俗学研究,则肇始于五四时期的整理国故这一影响广泛的学术运动中。
Folklore as a discipline started in the mid-nineteenth century in Britain. In 1846, William Toms, a British folklorist, first used the term Folk-lore in Temple of Athena to propose “Folk-lore” as the subject of the study of the lower folk culture, The scope of his research is mainly the common folk and the common literature, including the old customs, celebrations, superstitions, ballads, proverbs and so on. “The inheritance of folklore is mainly the lower culture with certain evolution, trajectory and geographical distribution ”, ① which opened the prelude to the study of folklore. The study of folklore in our country began in the influential academic movement in the May 4th Movement.