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目的分析深圳市盐田区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集深圳市盐田区2008～2012年流行性腮腺炎疫情资料,并采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2008～2012年深圳市盐田区共报告流行性腮腺炎病例1 194例,年发病率介于17.63/10万～239.81/10万之间,呈逐年上升趋势;2011、2012年发病率大幅上升,出现暴发疫情。腮腺炎病例男女性别比为1.62:1,15岁以下儿童1062例,占88.94%,发病时间存在两个高峰期,分别为4～7月和11月～次年1月。辖区4个街道的年平均发病率从高到低依次为海山街道、盐田街道、沙头角街道、梅沙街道,不同街道的发病率存在显著差异(χ2=1848,P<0.001)。5年间共发生流行性腮腺炎突发公共卫生事件3起,其中2起发生在小学、1起发生在幼儿园。回顾性调查显示,疫苗接种可以有效降低流行性腮腺炎的发病率。结论盐田区流行性腮腺炎发病率呈现上升趋势,学校和托幼机构是疫情防控的重点单位,应加强病例监测与管理,提高儿童疫苗接种率,控制流行性腮腺炎的暴发与流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Yantian District of Shenzhen City and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemic data of mumps from 2008 to 2012 in Yantian District of Shenzhen City were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 1 194 cases of mumps were reported in Yantian District of Shenzhen City from 2008 to 2012, with an annual incidence rate of 17.63 / lakh to 239.81 / lakh, showing an upward trend year by year. In 2011 and 2012, the incidence rate increased significantly , There was an outbreak. The male to female ratio of mumps cases was 1.62: 1, and 1062 children under the age of 15, accounting for 88.94%. There were two peak periods of onset of mumps, from April to July and from November to January respectively. The average annual incidence rates of 4 streets in the jurisdiction ranged from Haishan Street, Yantian Street, Sha Tau Kok Street, Meisha Subdistrict, and there were significant differences (χ2 = 1848, P <0.001) among different streets. Three outbreaks of public mumps were reported in five years, of which two occurred in primary schools and one in kindergartens. A retrospective survey shows that vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of mumps. Conclusion The incidence of mumps in Yantian District shows an upward trend. Schools and nurseries are the key units for prevention and control of epidemics. Surveillance and management of cases should be strengthened to raise the vaccination rate of children and control the outbreak and epidemic of mumps.