一、前言无损检测与对样品进行抽样的破坏试验不同。不是按平均,统计规律把握、测量样品的机械性能,而是非破坏地检查、测量零部件、设备的物理性能、以确保其质量及安全。对于某些重要零部件以及需要多次复杂加工工序的零部件,都希望进行全部数量的检查。如同石油、化工贮罐,电站锅炉、反应堆等大型设备、构件,万一发生损伤事故,将会造成巨大的经济损失及社会损失。为此无损检测技术得到了迅速发展。现在常用的无损检测方法有射线、超声、磁力、涡流、浸透、光学、声发射等。此外还有电磁声、静电声、红外、核磁共振CT 等新技术。射线无损检测主要是利用 X 射 I. INTRODUCTION Nondestructive testing is different from sabotage testing on samples. Rather than grasping the average and statistical laws, the mechanical properties of the samples are measured. Non-destructively, the physical properties of the components and equipment are checked to ensure their quality and safety. For some important parts and parts that require many complicated processing steps, all want to carry out the full number of checks. As the oil, chemical tank, power plant boilers, reactors and other large equipment, components, in case of injury, will result in huge economic losses and social losses. To this end nondestructive testing technology has been rapid development. Now commonly used non-destructive testing methods are ray, ultrasonic, magnetic, eddy current, soaked, optical, acoustic emission. In addition there are electromagnetic noise, electrostatic noise, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance CT and other new technologies. Radiological nondestructive testing is the use of X-ray