Toll样受体(TLR)广泛表达在天然免疫系统,是一类I型跨膜糖蛋白,由胞外区、跨膜区和胞质区组成。因其胞外区与一种果蝇蛋白Toll同源而得名,它们通过识别保守的病原体相关的分子位点(PAMPs),例如细菌的脂多糖、脂肽,或者是细菌和病毒的DNA、RNA等,来识别大量的异己抗原。TLRs在固有免疫和引导适应性免疫中扮演着重要的角色。本文将对目前Toll样受体的研究进展作一阐述。 Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are widely expressed in the innate immune system and are a type I transmembrane glycoprotein composed of extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Its extracellular domain is named for its homology to a Drosophila protein Toll by identifying conserved pathogen-associated molecular sites (PAMPs) such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, or bacterial and viral DNA, RNA, etc., to identify a large number of anti-self antigens. TLRs play an important role in innate immunity and in guiding adaptive immunity. This article will present the current research progress of Toll-like receptors.