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有机磷农药(PX)急性中毒是基层医院内科中最常见的急症之一,占各类中毒的首位.特别是PX急性重度中毒时,除严重的中毒危及生命外,往往还出现较严重的兼症,多数脏器受损为PX引起的同源病,其是治疗过程中引起的并发症.使病情复杂化,如能及时诊断并做到相应的处理,可提高治愈率,下面将PX急性中毒所引起的兼症及其防治措施作一简介,以期在抢救过程中引起注意.1 脑水肿PX急性中毒患者都有程度不同的脑水肿,因为在急性中毒时,毒物可直接或间接作用于中枢神经系统,使脑组织的小血管壁及血脑屏障通透性增高.引起脑细胞内外水分增多,而形成弥漫性脑水肿.其表现有头痛、抽搐、恶心、呕吐、意识障碍、烦燥、神志恍惚,以至昏迷.特别是经抗胆碱药及胆碱酯酶复能剂正确治疗12～24小时无效,眼底静脉曲张、瘀血、视乳头水肿,有的患者出现呼吸深而慢,心率缓慢,双侧瞳孔不等大,锥体束征等.
Acute poisoning of Organophosphorus Pesticide (PX) is one of the most common acute diseases in the primary hospital, accounting for the first place in all kinds of poisoning.Especially in the acute severe poisoning of PX, besides serious poisoning, life-threatening problems often occur Symptoms, most organ damage due to homologous disease caused by PX, which is caused during the course of complications. To make the disease complicated, if timely diagnosis and treatment can be done to improve the cure rate, the following will be acute PX Poisoning caused by the disease and its prevention and treatment measures for a brief introduction, in order to pay attention to the rescue process.1 brain edema patients with acute PX poisoning have different degrees of brain edema, because acute poisoning, the poison can be directly or indirectly The central nervous system, the brain tissue of the small blood vessels and blood-brain barrier permeability increased, causing increased brain and brain water inside and outside, and the formation of diffuse cerebral edema. The performance of headache, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, irritability , Trance, and even coma .Especially by the anticholinergic drugs and cholinesterase agent for the correct treatment of 12 to 24 hours of invalidity, retinal varicosity, blood stasis, papilledema, some patients appear deep and slow breathing, heart Slow, bilateral pupil ranging from large, pyramidal signs and so on.