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全纳教育是1994年6月10日在西班牙萨拉曼卡召开的“世界特殊需要教育大会”上通过的一项宣言中提出的一种新的教育理念和教育过程。它容纳所有学生,反对歧视排斥,促进积极参与,注重集体合作,满足不同需求,是一种没有排斥、没有歧视、没有分类的教育。借鉴国外的经验,我国政府已制定了一系列开展“随班就读”的规定,学校也进行了大规模“随班就读”的实践,但是,“随班就读”的教育形式还不是全纳教育思想的全部。目前,我们的全纳教育之路还很遥远,除教育观念等限制外,学校的实践也面临着重大挑战,全纳教育的文化氛围怎样建立?全纳教育的政策如何制定?全纳教育的课程应该是怎样的?全纳教育的教学又该如何进行?这些问题,迫切需要我们考虑。
Inclusive education is a new educational philosophy and educational process proposed in a declaration adopted at the World Conference on Special Needs Education held in Salamanca, Spain, on June 10, 1994. It accommodates all students, rejects discriminatory exclusion, promotes active participation, focuses on collective cooperation and meets different needs. It is an education that is non-exclusive, non-discriminatory and uncategorized. Drawing on the experience of other countries, our government has formulated a series of rules on how to carry out “regular classes”, and schools have also conducted large-scale “regular study” practice. However, the education of “regular classes” Form is not all inclusive of educational thought. At present, our path of inclusive education is still far away. Apart from the limitations of educational concepts, the practice of schools is also facing major challenges. How is the cultural atmosphere of inclusive education established? How to formulate a policy of inclusive education? What should be the curriculum? How to proceed with the teaching of inclusive education? These problems urgently need us to consider.