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一、单词
1. visit v. 拜访;访问
既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词。eg:
I visit my grandma once a week. (作及物动词) 我一周去看奶奶一次。
They are visiting in London. (作不及物动词) 他们在伦敦访问。
拓展:visit还可用作名词,意为“参观;访问”。eg:
This is my first visit to Paris. 这是我第一次参观巴黎。
联想记忆:“动词visit+-or”构成visitor,意为“参观者;来宾”。eg:
Visitors to the hospital are asked not to smoke. 医院来客,请勿吸烟。
2. practice v. 练习;实践
practice作动词,意为“练习;实践”,英式英语常用practise,其后可接名词、代词作宾语,如果接动词,要用动名词形式,即practice doing sth.。eg:
It’s difficult for me to practice English. (接名词) 对于我来说,练习英语很困难。
Why not practice reading English? (接动名词) 为什么不练习读英语呢?
3. past adj. 过去时态的;以前的;过去的
常用在名词前面,作定语,修饰名词。eg:
We will forget your past mistakes. 我们不再计较你过去的错误。
拓展:①past也可用作名词,意为“过去;昔日”。eg:
Most people lived in small houses in the past. 过去大部分人住小房子。
②past还可用作介词,指“(时间、地点、数量、程度等)过”。eg:
I usually get up at half past six. 我通常六点半起床。
I went past Lin Tao’s house. 我走过林涛家门前。
4. spend v. 度过;过
spend作动词,意为“度过;过”,其过去式为spent。eg:
How did you spend your winter holiday? 你是怎样过寒假的?
He spent his weekend with his parents. 他的周末是同他的父母一起度过的。
拓展:spend还可表示“花;花费”,既可指“花费时间”,也可指“花费金钱”。eg:
He spent ten dollars on the toy car. 他花十美元买了那个玩具车。
妙辨异同:spend, cost, take与pay
①spend的主语为人,结构为:spend…on sth.或spend…(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间/金钱做某事”。eg:
I spent five yuan on the pen. 我花5元钱买了这支钢笔。
He spent his whole life (in) looking after the poor. 他把他的一生都用来照顾贫穷的人。
②cost的主语为物,后面常接双宾语,结构为:sth. cost(s) (sb.)+金钱。eg:
The coat cost me 180 yuan. 这件外套花了我180元。
③take表示“花费”时,固定句式为:It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“某人花费多长时间做某事。” eg:
It took me ten minutes to go there. 到那儿花了我10分钟。
It took me an hour to do my homework last Sunday. 上周日做作业花了我一个小时。
④pay的主语为人,结构为:pay+金钱 for sth.,意为“支付……的费用”。eg:
You have to pay five dollars for the two books. 这两本书你得花5美元。
How much did you pay for the sweater? 你这件毛衣花了多少钱?
5. water n. 水
常用作不可数名词。表示“一滴水”用a drop of water;“一瓶水”用a bottle of water。eg:
There’s a little water in the cup. 杯子里有些水。
Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.
水加热则变为蒸汽,冷却则结为冰。
拓展:water还可用作动词,意为“浇水;灌溉”。eg:
It is very dry. We must water the trees. 天气太干旱了,我们得浇树了。
6. feel v. 感到;觉得
可用作系动词,后面接形容词作表语,不能用于被动语态。eg:
——How do you feel today? 今天你感觉怎么样?
——I feel very well today. 今天我感觉很好。
拓展:feel还可用作实义动词,意为“感觉”,是感官动词,其后可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,即:feel sb./sth. do sth.。eg:
People felt the houses shake in Wenchuan. 汶川的人感到房子在摇晃。
其后也可以接动词-ing作宾语补足语,即:feel sb./sth. doing sth.。eg:
I can feel the wind blowing on my face. 我感觉到风吹到我的脸上。
固定搭配:①feel like意为“想要(做某事)”,其后接名词或动名词,不能接不定式。eg:
I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
He didn’t feel like going to school. 他不想去上学。
②feel like的另一个意思是“摸起来好像”。eg:
It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。
7. discuss v. 讨论;议论
用作及物动词,其后不能跟介词。常用搭配有:discuss sth. with sb.意为“与某人讨论某事”;discuss doing sth.意为“讨论做某事”。eg:
They met to discuss plans for a new city hall. 他们开会讨论了新建市政厅的计划。
I’m discussing yesterday’s game with Sally. 我正与萨利谈论昨天的比赛。
They discussed selling the house. 他们商讨了卖房一事。
拓展:动词discuss的名词形式为discussion,意为“讨论;谈论”。eg:
The question is still under discussion. 这个问题还在讨论之中。
8. report n. 报告;汇报
report作名词,意为“报告;汇报”,通常指口头的或书面的报告,尤指经传播媒介发表的报道。常用于make a report,意为“作报告”。eg:
The police made a full report on the accident. 警方对那起事故作了详细的报告。
拓展:report还可用作动词,意为“报告;汇报;报道”。eg:
She reported the success of a new experiment. 她报告说一次新的试验成功了。
二、短语
1. have a party
have意为“做;进行;从事”,常和名词构成固定搭配。eg:
They had a party last Wednesday evening. 在上周三的晚上他们举行了一个晚会。
I want to have a meeting this Saturday. 我想在这个星期六开个会。
拓展:与have有关的固定搭配:
have a class 上课 have a meeting 开会
have a swim 游泳 have a rest 休息
have lunch吃午餐 have to 不得不
2. do some reading
意为“阅读”,其中reading是动名词,这是固定结构,表示所做的事需要一段时间或反复进行的动作。此结构中的some不能省略,但能用the,表特定情况中的动作。eg:
I like doing some reading. 我喜欢读书。
My mother does some reading every evening. 我妈妈每天晚上都读书。
拓展:“do+some+v.-ing”表示“做……,进行……”,其中的动名词作宾语。类似的用法还有:
do some cooking 做饭 do some shopping 购物
do some washing 洗衣服 do some writing 写东西
do some cleaning 打扫 do some fishing 钓鱼
3. go to the mountains
意为“去爬山”,“go to+地点名词”表示“去某地”,当go后面跟表示地点的副词时,go后面则不能再加介词。eg:
We went to the park yesterday. 昨天我们去公园了。
My father often goes to Shanghai to visit his friends. 我爸爸经常去上海拜访他的朋友。
He went there on foot. 他步行去那里。
1. visit v. 拜访;访问
既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词。eg:
I visit my grandma once a week. (作及物动词) 我一周去看奶奶一次。
They are visiting in London. (作不及物动词) 他们在伦敦访问。
拓展:visit还可用作名词,意为“参观;访问”。eg:
This is my first visit to Paris. 这是我第一次参观巴黎。
联想记忆:“动词visit+-or”构成visitor,意为“参观者;来宾”。eg:
Visitors to the hospital are asked not to smoke. 医院来客,请勿吸烟。
2. practice v. 练习;实践
practice作动词,意为“练习;实践”,英式英语常用practise,其后可接名词、代词作宾语,如果接动词,要用动名词形式,即practice doing sth.。eg:
It’s difficult for me to practice English. (接名词) 对于我来说,练习英语很困难。
Why not practice reading English? (接动名词) 为什么不练习读英语呢?
3. past adj. 过去时态的;以前的;过去的
常用在名词前面,作定语,修饰名词。eg:
We will forget your past mistakes. 我们不再计较你过去的错误。
拓展:①past也可用作名词,意为“过去;昔日”。eg:
Most people lived in small houses in the past. 过去大部分人住小房子。
②past还可用作介词,指“(时间、地点、数量、程度等)过”。eg:
I usually get up at half past six. 我通常六点半起床。
I went past Lin Tao’s house. 我走过林涛家门前。
4. spend v. 度过;过
spend作动词,意为“度过;过”,其过去式为spent。eg:
How did you spend your winter holiday? 你是怎样过寒假的?
He spent his weekend with his parents. 他的周末是同他的父母一起度过的。
拓展:spend还可表示“花;花费”,既可指“花费时间”,也可指“花费金钱”。eg:
He spent ten dollars on the toy car. 他花十美元买了那个玩具车。
妙辨异同:spend, cost, take与pay
①spend的主语为人,结构为:spend…on sth.或spend…(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间/金钱做某事”。eg:
I spent five yuan on the pen. 我花5元钱买了这支钢笔。
He spent his whole life (in) looking after the poor. 他把他的一生都用来照顾贫穷的人。
②cost的主语为物,后面常接双宾语,结构为:sth. cost(s) (sb.)+金钱。eg:
The coat cost me 180 yuan. 这件外套花了我180元。
③take表示“花费”时,固定句式为:It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“某人花费多长时间做某事。” eg:
It took me ten minutes to go there. 到那儿花了我10分钟。
It took me an hour to do my homework last Sunday. 上周日做作业花了我一个小时。
④pay的主语为人,结构为:pay+金钱 for sth.,意为“支付……的费用”。eg:
You have to pay five dollars for the two books. 这两本书你得花5美元。
How much did you pay for the sweater? 你这件毛衣花了多少钱?
5. water n. 水
常用作不可数名词。表示“一滴水”用a drop of water;“一瓶水”用a bottle of water。eg:
There’s a little water in the cup. 杯子里有些水。
Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.
水加热则变为蒸汽,冷却则结为冰。
拓展:water还可用作动词,意为“浇水;灌溉”。eg:
It is very dry. We must water the trees. 天气太干旱了,我们得浇树了。
6. feel v. 感到;觉得
可用作系动词,后面接形容词作表语,不能用于被动语态。eg:
——How do you feel today? 今天你感觉怎么样?
——I feel very well today. 今天我感觉很好。
拓展:feel还可用作实义动词,意为“感觉”,是感官动词,其后可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,即:feel sb./sth. do sth.。eg:
People felt the houses shake in Wenchuan. 汶川的人感到房子在摇晃。
其后也可以接动词-ing作宾语补足语,即:feel sb./sth. doing sth.。eg:
I can feel the wind blowing on my face. 我感觉到风吹到我的脸上。
固定搭配:①feel like意为“想要(做某事)”,其后接名词或动名词,不能接不定式。eg:
I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
He didn’t feel like going to school. 他不想去上学。
②feel like的另一个意思是“摸起来好像”。eg:
It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。
7. discuss v. 讨论;议论
用作及物动词,其后不能跟介词。常用搭配有:discuss sth. with sb.意为“与某人讨论某事”;discuss doing sth.意为“讨论做某事”。eg:
They met to discuss plans for a new city hall. 他们开会讨论了新建市政厅的计划。
I’m discussing yesterday’s game with Sally. 我正与萨利谈论昨天的比赛。
They discussed selling the house. 他们商讨了卖房一事。
拓展:动词discuss的名词形式为discussion,意为“讨论;谈论”。eg:
The question is still under discussion. 这个问题还在讨论之中。
8. report n. 报告;汇报
report作名词,意为“报告;汇报”,通常指口头的或书面的报告,尤指经传播媒介发表的报道。常用于make a report,意为“作报告”。eg:
The police made a full report on the accident. 警方对那起事故作了详细的报告。
拓展:report还可用作动词,意为“报告;汇报;报道”。eg:
She reported the success of a new experiment. 她报告说一次新的试验成功了。
二、短语
1. have a party
have意为“做;进行;从事”,常和名词构成固定搭配。eg:
They had a party last Wednesday evening. 在上周三的晚上他们举行了一个晚会。
I want to have a meeting this Saturday. 我想在这个星期六开个会。
拓展:与have有关的固定搭配:
have a class 上课 have a meeting 开会
have a swim 游泳 have a rest 休息
have lunch吃午餐 have to 不得不
2. do some reading
意为“阅读”,其中reading是动名词,这是固定结构,表示所做的事需要一段时间或反复进行的动作。此结构中的some不能省略,但能用the,表特定情况中的动作。eg:
I like doing some reading. 我喜欢读书。
My mother does some reading every evening. 我妈妈每天晚上都读书。
拓展:“do+some+v.-ing”表示“做……,进行……”,其中的动名词作宾语。类似的用法还有:
do some cooking 做饭 do some shopping 购物
do some washing 洗衣服 do some writing 写东西
do some cleaning 打扫 do some fishing 钓鱼
3. go to the mountains
意为“去爬山”,“go to+地点名词”表示“去某地”,当go后面跟表示地点的副词时,go后面则不能再加介词。eg:
We went to the park yesterday. 昨天我们去公园了。
My father often goes to Shanghai to visit his friends. 我爸爸经常去上海拜访他的朋友。
He went there on foot. 他步行去那里。