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For almost 50 years researchers have tried to link personality types or behavior patterns to the risk for heart disease. We’ve all heard about the driven and highly competitive behavior of people with type A personalities, compared to the more laid-back, noncompetitive characteristics of type Bs. Studies done in the late 1950s linked the type A behavior pattern with a higher risk for heart disease. But later studies failed to prove a link between cardiovascular1 disease and these patterns of behavior. Instead, more and more findings have associated2 an increased risk of heart disease with anger, hostility3 ,surliness, and rudeness. I don’t know if a type C personality or behavior has ever been defined, but you may soon be hearing more about the latest association between an increased risk of heart disease and the type D personality. (The D may stand for “distressed”.)
A recent report from the Netherlands found that type D personality was associated with a significantly4 increased risk of major cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes. Type D individuals tend to experience emotions like hostility, anxiety, anger, depressed mood, tension, and a negative view of themselves. They are likely to be constantly on alert5 for signs of impending trouble and to overreact to stressful events. An equally important factor in the type D personality is the inability to express these emotions, which leads to feeling tense, insecure, and uncomfortable in social situations.
According to authors of the study, the difference between the type D definition and those for types A and B suggests that “how people cope with negative emotions may be as important as the experience of negative emotions”.
We all know people who have a type D personality, and some of us may recognize this pattern in ourselves or in family members. We’re not sure what, if anything, can be done about this personality type, however, it does make sense to link people’s negative personality traits with how they cope, or don’t cope, with stressful circumstances and everyday challenges.
近50年来，科学家们不断通过对人类性格、行为模式与心脏病的关联进行研究，而将人群划分为基本两种，即精神高度紧张，生活在竞争中的A类性格以及生活悠闲懒散，与世无争的B类性格。早在上世纪50年代的研究结果就表明，A类性格理所当然成为心脏病的高发人群。可随后不久人们又发现，这些心血管疾病似乎与人们的行为模式没有必然联系。相反，越来越多的研究表明，心脏病的引发原因更多与易怒、敌对、激动、卤莽等性格有关。目前为止，人们尚未定义出C类性格的人群，但是近来人们越来越关注所谓的心脏病高发人群：D类性格（压抑性格）的人群。（D是压抑的英文第一个字母。）
最近一项来自荷兰的研究结果表明，D类性格的人患有心血管疾病的几率在显著增加，诸如心脏病和中风等。D类性格的人群往往较多经历敌对、焦虑、紧张、易怒、压抑、紧张等情绪，同时，他们对于自身也持一种消极的态度。这些人对于即将面临的麻烦常常有大祸临头的感觉，同时对压力事件的反应也比普通人更为强烈。而他们往往会将这些情绪藏在心中，不愿意说出，最终导致了在社交中时常感到有压力，觉得充满危险以及不自然。
根据该份研究报告作者得出的结论，D类性格与A、B两种性格人群的差异表明“人们是否经受消极情绪以及如何应对消极情绪同等重要”。
我们周围存在着许多D类性格的人，有些人甚至意识到自己和家人就属于此类性格。目前我们尚不能为这类性格的人找寻出一种解决方案，然而我们可以意识到一个问题，人们产生消极性格的根源归咎于他们如何处理每天生活中遇到的挑战和压力。
A recent report from the Netherlands found that type D personality was associated with a significantly4 increased risk of major cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes. Type D individuals tend to experience emotions like hostility, anxiety, anger, depressed mood, tension, and a negative view of themselves. They are likely to be constantly on alert5 for signs of impending trouble and to overreact to stressful events. An equally important factor in the type D personality is the inability to express these emotions, which leads to feeling tense, insecure, and uncomfortable in social situations.
According to authors of the study, the difference between the type D definition and those for types A and B suggests that “how people cope with negative emotions may be as important as the experience of negative emotions”.
We all know people who have a type D personality, and some of us may recognize this pattern in ourselves or in family members. We’re not sure what, if anything, can be done about this personality type, however, it does make sense to link people’s negative personality traits with how they cope, or don’t cope, with stressful circumstances and everyday challenges.
近50年来，科学家们不断通过对人类性格、行为模式与心脏病的关联进行研究，而将人群划分为基本两种，即精神高度紧张，生活在竞争中的A类性格以及生活悠闲懒散，与世无争的B类性格。早在上世纪50年代的研究结果就表明，A类性格理所当然成为心脏病的高发人群。可随后不久人们又发现，这些心血管疾病似乎与人们的行为模式没有必然联系。相反，越来越多的研究表明，心脏病的引发原因更多与易怒、敌对、激动、卤莽等性格有关。目前为止，人们尚未定义出C类性格的人群，但是近来人们越来越关注所谓的心脏病高发人群：D类性格（压抑性格）的人群。（D是压抑的英文第一个字母。）
最近一项来自荷兰的研究结果表明，D类性格的人患有心血管疾病的几率在显著增加，诸如心脏病和中风等。D类性格的人群往往较多经历敌对、焦虑、紧张、易怒、压抑、紧张等情绪，同时，他们对于自身也持一种消极的态度。这些人对于即将面临的麻烦常常有大祸临头的感觉，同时对压力事件的反应也比普通人更为强烈。而他们往往会将这些情绪藏在心中，不愿意说出，最终导致了在社交中时常感到有压力，觉得充满危险以及不自然。
根据该份研究报告作者得出的结论，D类性格与A、B两种性格人群的差异表明“人们是否经受消极情绪以及如何应对消极情绪同等重要”。
我们周围存在着许多D类性格的人，有些人甚至意识到自己和家人就属于此类性格。目前我们尚不能为这类性格的人找寻出一种解决方案，然而我们可以意识到一个问题，人们产生消极性格的根源归咎于他们如何处理每天生活中遇到的挑战和压力。