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比喻说理是指用一个或几个与论点或论证过程有某些相似的别一类事物作比方,阐明论点的意义,或使论证过程形象化的一种说理方法。在严密的逻辑说理中,恰当地运用比喻说理,能使语言曲折多变、通俗易懂、生动形象,有助于加强论证。比喻说理在议论文中的运用,一般由“本体句”(用“B”代替)、“喻体句”(用“Y”代替)、“联结句”(用“L”代替)和“作结句”(用“Z ”代替)组成,根据各项在运用时出现的位置和是否出现,比喻说理可分为全式、简式和复杂式三种。现就中学语言教材中的例子对比喻说理的几种模式作一简要分析。
Metaphorical reasoning refers to the use of one or more analogy with arguments or argumentation processes that are somewhat similar to other types of things, clarifying the meaning of arguments, or a method of reasoning that visualizes the argumentation process. In the strict logical reasoning, the proper use of metaphorical reasoning can make language twists and turns, changeable, easy to understand, and vivid, which helps to strengthen argumentation. The metaphor says that the use of reason in argumentative writing generally consists of “subjective sentences” (replaced by “B”), “figurative sentences” (replaced by “Y”), “joined sentences” (replaced by “L”), and “Sentence” (replaced with “Z”), according to the location and presence of various items in use, metaphorical theory can be divided into three types, simple and complex. A brief analysis of several models of metaphorical theory in the middle school language textbooks is given.