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法律上的事实推定是缓和证明困难事实的证明责任的法律技术性设置。通说认为,法律上的事实推定具有两方面的效果:一方面,赋予负有证明责任的当事人于选择证明主题的自由;另一方面,向对方当事人转换反对事实之证明责任。本文简要论述法律上的事实推定的逻辑结构,并集中阐述了法律上的事实推定之效果。特别是,向对方当事人转换反对事实之证明责任的效果,并通过一起医疗损害赔偿纠纷案进行详细剖析,指出当下理论界以及实务中对法律上的事实推定存在的一些偏差认识,有助于正确利用法律上的事实推定,更好地认定事实,进而实现司法公正。
Legal de facto presumptions are legal technical settings that ease the burden of proof in proving difficult facts. It is generally believed that legal de facto presumptions have two effects: on the one hand, the parties who have the burden of proof are given the freedom to choose the subject of proof; and on the other hand, the burden of proof on the other party is reversed. This article briefly discusses the logical structure of legal de facto presumptions and focuses on the effects of legal presumptions. In particular, the conversion of the opposing party to the burden of proof of the factual objection is examined in detail through a case of medical damages. It is pointed out that there is some biased understanding of the legal factual presumption in the current academic circle and in practice, Make use of the factual presumption of law to better ascertain the facts and then realize the justice of the judiciary.