论文部分内容阅读
总结了美国在生物质燃料方面采取的一系列政策和措施,阐述了生物质燃料的应用趋势,重点指出通过加大研发力度以促进第二代生物质燃料的发展和商业化。目前,研发工作已经在许多领域同时开展,主要有生物质资源评价、开发新的生物质原料、提高转化技术以及系统的整体化等。其他需考虑的重要因素还包括燃料的质量和规格,对燃料混合、分配和储存的要求等。大量的研发、政策及制度的实施和开展都必须考虑生物质燃料对能源和环境产生的影响。这些影响不仅包括车辆使用的直接排放量,还包括与燃料生命周期相关的能源的总使用量、温室气体排放量等的影响。由于生物质原料、转化技术和系统整体化方法都具有多样性,所以生物质燃料生命周期的影响也可以有很大差异。
Summarized a series of policies and measures taken by the United States on biomass fuels, elaborated the application trends of biomass fuels, and emphasized that the development and commercialization of second-generation biomass fuels should be promoted through intensifying research and development efforts. At present, research and development work has been carried out in many fields at the same time, mainly including the evaluation of biomass resources, the development of new biomass raw materials, the improvement of conversion technologies and the system integration. Other important factors to consider include the quality and specifications of the fuel, the requirements for blending, distributing and storing the fuel. The development and implementation of a large number of R & D, policies and systems must consider the energy and environmental impacts of biomass fuels. These effects include not only direct emissions from the use of vehicles, but also the total energy use associated with the life cycle of the fuel, the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and the like. Because of the diversity of biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and system integration approaches, the impact of the life cycle of biomass fuels can vary widely.