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伴随着性腺的成熟 ,大麻哈鱼属鱼类的抗病能力降低 ,其中的许多种在排卵 (精 )后死亡。虹鳟在繁殖季节后虽然不至于死亡 ,但极容易受许多病原菌的感染而发生病患。我们以前的研究提示 ,疾病的易感性可能与性激素的水平相关 ,但那些研究主要集中于雄激素对虹鳟免疫功能的影响。雌二醇是重要的雌激素之一 ,本研究运用酶联吸附免疫法、酶联吸附斑点法以及微量活性氧测定法 ,主要探讨了雌二醇在体内或体外对抗体的水平、产生抗体的细胞的数目和巨噬细胞产生活性氧的水平的影响。实验结果表明 :(1)口服雌二醇能够提高未成熟虹鳟血浆中的雌二醇水平 ,这种提高能显著地降低血浆中的免疫球蛋白M (IgM )的浓度 ;(2 )在离体的条件下雌二醇也能按剂量依赖方式降低来自成熟红鳟血液、头肾和脾脏的淋巴细胞中产生抗体的细胞数量以及抑制头肾的巨噬细胞产生各种活性氧。这些结果提示随着性腺成熟 ,免疫功能的降低可能与血液中雌二醇水平的升高有关 ,免疫功能的降低可能是导致生殖季节雌性虹鳟易受许多病原菌感染的原因之一。
With the gonadal maturation, the resistance of salmonids to fish is reduced, and many of these die after ovulation. Rainbow trout, although not dead after the breeding season, is highly susceptible to many pathogenic infections. Our previous studies suggest that disease susceptibility may be related to the level of sex hormones, but those studies have focused mainly on the effects of androgens on rainbow trout immune function. Estradiol is one of the important estrogen. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and micro-active oxygen assay were used to investigate the effects of estradiol on the level of antibodies in vivo or in vitro, The number of cells and the level of reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages. The results showed that: (1) Oral administration of estradiol increased the estradiol level in immature rainbow trout plasma, which could significantly reduce the concentration of IgM in plasma; (2) Estradiol also reduced the number of cells producing antibodies in lymphocytes from mature red trout blood, head, kidney and spleen in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the production of various reactive oxygen species by the macrophages of the head kidney. These results suggest that with the gonadal maturation, the decrease of immune function may be related to the increase of estradiol level in the blood. The decrease of immune function may be one of the reasons that reproductive season female rainbow trout is susceptible to many pathogens.