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在近代中国企业发展的过程中,“红顶商人”是一群不容忽视的群体,他们与我国近代机器工业相伴而生,无论是唐廷枢、徐润,还是马建忠、张骞、周学熙等人无不在官商间叱咤风云。但是纵观中国近代早期的企业成长,似乎难逃短寿的宿命,一般约二十年之后,不是企业消亡,就是企业旁落于外国人或官僚之手。本文从中国早期近代企业的所有权安排出发,运用张维迎的企业家理论探讨“红顶商人”企业短寿现象,并剖析了“红顶商人”企业在经营管理方面存在的严重不足,借此阐明企业家谋求“官本位”是当今企业健康成长的隐性陷阱。
In the course of the development of Chinese enterprises in modern times, “Red Top Merchants” is a group of groups that can not be ignored. They are associated with the modern machinery industry in our country. Whether it is Tang Tingshu, Xu Run, Ma Jianzhong, Zhang Qian, Zhou Xuexi and others, All-powerful situation. However, if we look at the growth of early modern China, it seems that it is impossible to escape the short-lived fate. Generally, about 20 years later, it is not the disappearance of a company, or the enterprise lies in the hands of foreigners or bureaucrats. Based on the ownership arrangement of early modern Chinese enterprises, this paper uses Zhang Weiying’s entrepreneur theory to discuss the short-lived phenomenon of “Red Top Merchants” and analyzes the serious deficiencies in the operation and management of “Red Top Merchants” Home seeking “official standard” is a recessive trap for the healthy growth of enterprises today.